Pepper Jessica K, Brewer Noel T
Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Tob Control. 2014 Sep;23(5):375-84. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051122. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
We sought to systematically review the literature on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, also called electronic cigarettes) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs.
We searched five databases for articles published between 2006 and 1 July 2013 that contained variations of the phrases 'electronic cigarette', 'e-cigarette' and 'electronic nicotine delivery'.
Of the 244 abstracts identified, we excluded articles not published in English, articles unrelated to ENDS, dissertation abstracts and articles without original data on prespecified outcomes.
Two reviewers coded each article for ENDS awareness, use, reactions and beliefs.
49 studies met inclusion criteria. ENDS awareness increased from 16% to 58% from 2009 to 2011, and use increased from 1% to 6%. The majority of users were current or former smokers. Many users found ENDS satisfying, and some engaged in dual use of ENDS and other tobacco. No longitudinal studies examined whether ENDS serve as 'gateways' to future tobacco use. Common reasons for using ENDS were quitting smoking and using a product that is healthier than cigarettes. Self-reported survey data and prospective trials suggest that ENDS might help cigarette smokers quit, but no randomised controlled trials with probability samples compared ENDS with other cessation tools. Some individuals used ENDS to avoid smoking restrictions.
ENDS use is expanding rapidly despite experts' concerns about safety, dual use and possible 'gateway' effects. More research is needed on effective public health messages, perceived health risks, validity of self-reports of smoking cessation and the use of different kinds of ENDS.
我们旨在系统回顾关于电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS，也称为电子烟）的知晓度、使用情况、反应及看法的文献。
我们在五个数据库中检索了2006年至2013年7月1日期间发表的文章，这些文章包含“电子烟”“电子香烟”和“电子尼古丁传送”等短语的变体。
在识别出的244篇摘要中，我们排除了非英文发表的文章、与ENDS无关的文章、论文摘要以及没有关于预先设定结果的原始数据的文章。
两名审阅者对每篇文章的ENDS知晓度、使用情况、反应及看法进行编码。
49项研究符合纳入标准。从2009年到2011年，ENDS知晓度从16%升至58%，使用率从1%升至6%。大多数使用者为当前或既往吸烟者。许多使用者对ENDS感到满意，一些人同时使用ENDS和其他烟草制品。没有纵向研究考察ENDS是否会成为未来烟草使用的“入门产品”。使用ENDS的常见原因是戒烟以及使用比香烟更健康的产品。自我报告的调查数据和前瞻性试验表明，ENDS可能有助于吸烟者戒烟，但没有概率抽样的随机对照试验将ENDS与其他戒烟工具进行比较。一些人使用ENDS以避开吸烟限制。
尽管专家们对ENDS的安全性、双重使用及可能的“入门产品”效应表示担忧，但ENDS的使用仍在迅速扩大。在有效的公共卫生信息、感知到的健康风险、戒烟自我报告的有效性以及不同类型ENDS的使用方面，还需要更多研究。
