Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Int J Cancer. 2014 Jun 15;134(12):2935-41. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28620. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
We investigated gastric cancer risk in relation to the adherence to the Mediterranean diet using data from two case-control studies conducted in Italy between 1985 and 2007, including 999 incidents, histologically confirmed gastric cancers and 2,628 controls admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic diseases. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) based on nine of the major characteristics of the Mediterranean diet in the overall dataset. The Mediterranean Dietary Pattern adherence index (MDP) and the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) were considered in the second study only. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of gastric cancer for categories of the three scores using multiple logistic regression models. We found a reduced risk of gastric cancer for increasing levels of the MDS: as compared to subjects in the lowest category of the MDS, the ORs were 0.78, 0.61 and 0.57 in subsequent levels of MDS, with a significant trend in risk. Risk estimates were consistent across strata of age, sex, education, smoking, body mass index, and family history of gastric cancer. We also observed a decreased risk of gastric cancer for the highest versus the lowest quintile for MDP and MAI, with OR of 0.58 and 0.71, respectively. Our study provides convincing evidence of a beneficial role of the Mediterranean diet on gastric cancer.
我们使用意大利在 1985 年至 2007 年间进行的两项病例对照研究的数据，研究了与坚持地中海饮食相关的胃癌风险，这两项研究共包括 999 例经组织学证实的胃癌病例和 2628 例因急性非肿瘤性疾病住院的对照。通过地中海饮食评分（MDS）评估地中海饮食的依从性，该评分基于地中海饮食的 9 个主要特征在整个数据集。在第二项研究中仅考虑地中海饮食模式依从指数（MDP）和地中海充足指数（MAI）。我们使用多变量逻辑回归模型，根据三个评分的类别，估计了胃癌的比值比（OR）和相应的 95%置信区间（CI）。我们发现 MDS 水平升高与胃癌风险降低有关：与 MDS 最低分类的受试者相比，MDS 中后一分类的 OR 分别为 0.78、0.61 和 0.57，风险呈显著趋势。风险估计在年龄、性别、教育程度、吸烟、体重指数和胃癌家族史的分层中是一致的。我们还观察到 MDP 和 MAI 最高五分位数与最低五分位数相比，胃癌风险降低，OR 分别为 0.58 和 0.71。我们的研究提供了令人信服的证据，证明地中海饮食对胃癌有有益作用。
