Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33080 Aviano, Italy.
Nutrients. 2018 Mar 8;10(3):326. doi: 10.3390/nu10030326.
The Mediterranean diet has been related to a reduced risk of several common cancers but its role on breast cancer has not been quantified yet. We investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and breast cancer risk by means of a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Italy and Switzerland. 3034 breast cancer cases and 3392 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute, non-neoplastic and non-gynaecologic diseases were studied. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was quantitatively measured through a Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), summarizing the major characteristics of the Mediterranean dietary pattern and ranging from 0 (lowest adherence) to 9 (highest adherence). We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer for the MDS using multiple logistic regression models, adjusting for several covariates. Compared to a MDS of 0-3, the ORs for breast cancer were 0.86 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.76-0.98) for a MDS of 4-5 and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71-0.95) for a MDS of 6-9 ( for trend = 0.008). The exclusion of the ethanol component from the MDS did not materially modify the ORs (e.g., OR = 0.81, 95% CI, 0.70-0.95, for MDS ≥ 6). Results were similar in pre- and post-menopausal women. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a reduced breast cancer risk.
地中海饮食与多种常见癌症的风险降低有关，但它对乳腺癌的作用尚未量化。我们通过在意大利和瑞士进行的一项基于医院的病例对照研究，调查了地中海饮食与乳腺癌风险之间的关联。 3034 例乳腺癌病例和 3392 例因急性、非肿瘤和非妇科疾病而入住同一医院网络的对照者参与了研究。通过地中海饮食评分 (MDS) 定量测量地中海饮食的依从性，该评分综合了地中海饮食模式的主要特征，范围从 0（最低依从性）到 9（最高依从性）。我们使用多因素逻辑回归模型估计 MDS 与乳腺癌之间的比值比 (OR)，并调整了几个协变量。与 MDS 为 0-3 的情况相比，MDS 为 4-5 的 OR 为 0.86（95%置信区间，CI，0.76-0.98），MDS 为 6-9 的 OR 为 0.82（95%CI，0.71-0.95）（趋势检验 = 0.008）。从 MDS 中排除乙醇成分并不会实质性改变 OR（例如，MDS ≥ 6 的 OR = 0.81，95%CI，0.70-0.95）。在绝经前和绝经后妇女中，结果相似。地中海饮食的依从性与降低乳腺癌风险相关。
