Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia , USA.
J Sports Sci Med. 2006 Jun 1;5(2):235-42. eCollection 2006.
The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of exercise-associated menstrual disorders and hormonal contraceptives (HC) on systemic inflammatory markers and endothelial function in female athletes. Thirty-nine active women (≥5 h of aerobic exercise per wk), aged 18-33 y, participated in this cross-sectional study comparing women with menstrual disorders (MD, n = 10; 0-9 cycles·y(-1)), eumenorrheic women (E, n = 13; 10-13 cycles·y(-1)), and HC users (HC, n = 16; 12 cycles·y(-1)). Fasting serum samples were collected during the early follicular phase (d2-5) for the menstruating women. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), total cholesterol (TC), high- and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), reproductive hormones, and cortisol were measured in serum. Estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol were not statistically different between MD and E groups; cortisol was significantly greater in the HC versus E group (p = 0.002). TC (p = 0.005), LDL-C (p = 0.03), and CRP (p = 0.05) were increased in the HC versus MD and E groups. TNF-α was significantly higher in the HC (p=0.001) compared with the E group. There were no significant group differences in the concentrations of sVCAM-1 or IL-6. TNF-α and cortisol were positively correlated (r=0.31, p = 0. 058), as were sVCAM-1 and estradiol (r = 0.41, p = 0.010). In conclusion, HC use, but not exercise- associated menstrual disorders, is associated with increased TNFα and LDL-C. Key PointsSerum lipids and markers of inflammation were not altered by exercise-associated oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea.Hormonal contraceptive users had elevated total and LDL cholesterol compared with regularly menstruating non-HC users.C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α, but not soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1, were increased in hormonal contraceptive users.The long-term effect of these changes on cardiovascular disease is unknown.
这项研究的目的是确定与运动相关的月经紊乱和激素避孕药（HC）对女性运动员的系统性炎症标志物和内皮功能的影响。39 名年龄在 18-33 岁的活跃女性（每周进行≥5 小时的有氧运动）参加了这项横断面研究，比较了患有月经紊乱（MD，n=10；0-9 个周期·y（-1））、月经正常（E，n=13；10-13 个周期·y（-1））和激素避孕药使用者（HC，n=16；12 个周期·y（-1））的女性。在月经女性的卵泡早期（d2-5）采集空腹血清样本。血清中测定肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNFα）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）、总胆固醇（TC）、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C、LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、生殖激素和皮质醇。MD 和 E 组之间雌二醇、孕酮和皮质醇无统计学差异；HC 组皮质醇显著高于 E 组（p=0.002）。TC（p=0.005）、LDL-C（p=0.03）和 CRP（p=0.05）在 HC 组与 MD 和 E 组均升高。HC 组 TNF-α明显高于 E 组（p=0.001）。sVCAM-1 和 IL-6 浓度在各组间无显著差异。TNF-α和皮质醇呈正相关（r=0.31，p=0.058），sVCAM-1 和雌二醇也呈正相关（r=0.41，p=0.010）。总之，HC 的使用而非与运动相关的月经紊乱与 TNFα和 LDL-C 的升高有关。关键点与运动相关的少经或闭经不会改变血清脂质和炎症标志物。激素避孕药使用者的总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇水平高于非激素避孕药使用者。与定期月经的非 HC 使用者相比，激素避孕药使用者的 C 反应蛋白和肿瘤坏死因子-α（但不是可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1）升高。这些变化对心血管疾病的长期影响尚不清楚。
