University of Western Ontario, ON, Canada.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 2013 Sep;84(3):287-94. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2013.813894.
The purpose of the meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on physical activity participation among preschoolers. A secondary purpose was to investigate the influence of several possible moderator variables (e.g., intervention length, location, leadership, type) on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
Nine databases were systematically searched for physical activity interventions. Studies were included if they contained statistics necessary to compute an effect size (ES), were written in or translated into English, examined physical activity in preschoolers, incorporated a physical activity intervention, and targeted preschool-aged children. Fifteen studies satisfied these criteria. ESs were calculated using a random-effects model.
Results indicated that overall, interventions had a small-to-moderate effect on general physical activity (Hedges g = 0.44, p < .05, n = 73 ESs) and a moderate effect on MVPA (Hedges g = 0.51, p < .05, n = 39 ESs). The greatest effects for MVPA were identified for interventions that were less than 4 weeks in duration, were offered in an early-learning environment, were led by teachers, involved outdoor activity, and incorporated unstructured activity.
This meta-analysis provides an overview and synthesis of physical activity interventions and highlights effective strategies for future interventions aimed at increasing physical activity levels among preschoolers.
本荟萃分析旨在考察身体活动干预对学龄前儿童身体活动参与的效果。次要目的是调查几个可能的调节变量（如干预时长、地点、领导、类型）对中等到剧烈身体活动（MVPA）的影响。
系统检索了九个数据库中的身体活动干预研究。如果研究包含计算效应大小（ES）所需的统计数据，以英文书写或翻译，且研究对象为学龄前儿童、包含身体活动干预且以学龄前儿童为目标，则将其纳入研究。共有 15 项研究符合这些标准。采用随机效应模型计算 ES。
结果表明，总体而言，干预措施对一般身体活动（Hedges g = 0.44，p <.05，n = 73 个 ES）和中等到剧烈身体活动（Hedges g = 0.51，p <.05，n = 39 个 ES）均有较小到中等的影响。对于持续时间少于 4 周、在早期学习环境中提供、由教师领导、涉及户外活动且包含非结构化活动的干预措施，MVPA 的效果最大。
本荟萃分析提供了身体活动干预的概述和综合，并强调了未来旨在提高学龄前儿童身体活动水平的干预措施的有效策略。
