Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014 Jan;20 Suppl 1(0 1):S99-103. doi: 10.1016/S1353-8020(13)70025-7.
There is a pressing need for biomarkers to diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD), assess disease severity, and prognosticate course. Various types of biologic specimens are potential candidates for identifying biomarkers--defined here as surrogate indicators of physiological or pathophysiological states--but blood has the advantage of being minimally invasive to obtain. There are, however, several challenges to identifying biomarkers in blood. Several candidate biomarkers identified in other diseases or in other types of biological fluids are being pursued as blood-based biomarkers in PD. In addition, unbiased discovery is underway using techniques including metabolomics, proteomics, and gene expression profiling. In this review, we summarize these techniques and discuss the challenges and successes of blood-based biomarker discovery in PD. Blood-based biomarkers that are discussed include α-synuclein, DJ-1, uric acid, epidermal growth factor, apolipoprotein-A1, and peripheral inflammatory markers.
目前迫切需要生物标志物来诊断帕金森病（PD）、评估疾病严重程度和预测病程。各种类型的生物样本都可能成为识别生物标志物的候选者——这里将生物标志物定义为生理或病理状态的替代指标——但血液具有获取方便、微创的优势。然而，在血液中识别生物标志物存在一些挑战。在其他疾病或其他类型的生物液中发现的一些候选生物标志物，正在被作为 PD 的基于血液的生物标志物进行研究。此外，还在使用代谢组学、蛋白质组学和基因表达谱等技术进行无偏发现。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些技术，并讨论了 PD 中基于血液的生物标志物发现的挑战和成功。讨论的基于血液的生物标志物包括α-突触核蛋白、DJ-1、尿酸、表皮生长因子、载脂蛋白-A1 和外周炎症标志物。
