Houben Edith N G, Korotkov Konstantin V, Bitter Wilbert
VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Aug;1843(8):1707-16. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.003. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
Mycobacteria use type VII secretion (T7S) systems to secrete proteins across their complex cell envelope. Pathogenic mycobacteria, such as the notorious pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have up to five of these secretion systems, named ESX-1 to ESX-5. At least three of these secretion systems are essential for mycobacterial virulence and/or viability. Elucidating T7S is therefore essential to understand the success of M. tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria as pathogens, and could be instrumental to identify novel targets for drug- and vaccine-development. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in the identification of T7S substrates and a general secretion motif. In addition, a start has been made with unraveling the mechanism of secretion and the structural analysis of the different subunits. This review summarizes these recent findings, which are incorporated in a working model of this complex machinery. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein trafficking and secretion in bacteria. Guest Editors: Anastassios Economou and Ross Dalbey.
分枝杆菌利用VII型分泌（T7S）系统将蛋白质分泌穿过其复杂的细胞壁。致病性分枝杆菌，如臭名昭著的病原体结核分枝杆菌，拥有多达五种这样的分泌系统，命名为ESX-1至ESX-5。这些分泌系统中至少有三种对于分枝杆菌的毒力和/或生存能力至关重要。因此，阐明T7S对于理解结核分枝杆菌和其他致病性分枝杆菌作为病原体的成功机制至关重要，并且可能有助于确定药物和疫苗开发的新靶点。最近，在鉴定T7S底物和一般分泌基序方面取得了重大进展。此外，在揭示分泌机制和不同亚基的结构分析方面也已经开始。本综述总结了这些最新发现，并将其纳入了这个复杂机制的工作模型中。本文是名为“细菌中的蛋白质运输和分泌”的特刊的一部分。客座编辑：阿纳斯塔西奥斯·埃康诺莫和罗斯·达尔贝。
