Reppucci J D, Revenson T A, Aber M, Dickon Reppucci N
Department of Psychology, University of Virgina, 301 Gilmer Hall, 22903, Charlottesville, VA.
J Prim Prev. 1991 Mar;11(3):227-36. doi: 10.1007/BF01326505.
Two studies were conducted to investigate unrealistic optimism among adolescent cigarette smokers. In the first study, 54 smokers and 304 nonsmokers agreed that there was a strong relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Nonsmokers accurately perceived their chances of contracting lung cancer as below average. However, smokers perceived themselves as having only an average chance of contracting lung cancer. The second study replicated the first in both procedure and results regarding lung cancer, but also added perceptions of the relationship between smoking and two other smoking-related health problems, emphysema and heart attacks. The results were similar: 33 smokers rated their chances of developing emphysema and having heart attacks as higher than 299 nonsmokers, but still viewed their chances as only about average. Finally, perceptions of stress were examined. Smokers perceived themselves to be under more stress than nonsmokers. It was concluded that self-deception as indicated by unrealistic optimism regarding the chances of getting smoking-related diseases characterized adolescent smokers.
开展了两项研究来调查青少年吸烟者中的不切实际的乐观情绪。在第一项研究中，54名吸烟者和304名不吸烟者都认为吸烟与肺癌之间存在密切关系。不吸烟者准确地认为自己患肺癌的几率低于平均水平。然而，吸烟者认为自己患肺癌的几率仅为平均水平。第二项研究在程序和肺癌相关结果方面重复了第一项研究，但还增加了对吸烟与其他两个与吸烟相关的健康问题（肺气肿和心脏病发作）之间关系的看法。结果相似：33名吸烟者认为自己患肺气肿和心脏病发作的几率高于299名不吸烟者，但仍认为自己的几率仅为平均水平左右。最后，研究了压力认知。吸烟者认为自己比不吸烟者承受更多压力。研究得出结论，青少年吸烟者表现出对患与吸烟相关疾病几率的不切实际的乐观情绪，这表明存在自我欺骗。
