Clarke V A, Williams T, Arthey S
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
J Behav Med. 1997 Apr;20(2):207-22. doi: 10.1023/a:1025586829179.
The study examined the roles of general and personal beliefs and skin type in relation to suntanning and sun protection, by assessing various perceptions of risk of skin cancer both for the self and for the average person. A sample of 355 people aged 16 to 25 years was selected randomly from the telephone directory of a coastal provincial city. Highly structured interviews were conducted over the telephone. The findings were presented in relation to three research questions. First, skin type, classified as burn only, burn then tan, or tan without burning, influenced both general and personal beliefs. Compared to the tan-only group, the burn-only group perceived earlier age at onset, greater number of years of life lost, and greater severity of skin cancer, for both the average person and the self, and greater susceptibility to skin cancer for the average person. Second, differences were found between personally relevant and population-relevant beliefs on susceptibility to skin cancer, time of onset, and years of life lost due to skin cancer but not for perceptions of severity and curability. Finally, skin cancer beliefs were poor correlates of tanning and protecting behaviors. The factor explaining the greatest proportion of variance in both behaviors was skin type.
该研究通过评估对自身及普通人患皮肤癌风险的各种认知，考察了一般信念和个人信念以及皮肤类型在晒黑和防晒方面的作用。从一个沿海省份城市的电话簿中随机抽取了355名年龄在16至25岁之间的人作为样本。通过电话进行了高度结构化的访谈。研究结果围绕三个研究问题展开。第一，皮肤类型分为仅晒伤、先晒伤后晒黑或不晒伤直接晒黑，这会影响一般信念和个人信念。与仅晒黑组相比，仅晒伤组认为无论是普通人还是自身，皮肤癌的发病年龄更早、生命损失年数更多、病情更严重，且普通人更容易患皮肤癌。第二，在与个人相关的信念和与总体相关的信念之间，发现了在患皮肤癌易感性、发病时间以及因皮肤癌导致的生命损失年数方面存在差异，但在对严重程度和可治愈性的认知上没有差异。最后，对皮肤癌的信念与晒黑和保护行为的相关性较差。解释这两种行为中最大比例方差的因素是皮肤类型。
