Department of Plant Anatomy, Budapest University, Eötvös Loránd, Hungary.
Environ Monit Assess. 1982 Dec;2(4):435-43. doi: 10.1007/BF00416702.
Air quality is especially important in surface layers, for it is this layer that provides the living components of environment with the needed oxygen and carbon dioxide. Various air polluting gases penetrate cells affecting and contaminating them. Chloroplast shell of some pine species, for instance, doubles under the impact of carbon dioxide which is followed by tillacoids swelling and reduction.Literature provides opinions of some authors, who consider Scotch pine needle to be a biological indicator of sulphur dioxide. Others object to it basing on the observations of physiological development.The property of a Scotch pine as that of biological indicator manifests in SO2 absorption by its needles. The analysis of total content of SO2 in the needles shows an increase of SO2 concentration.Sulphur in the needles is found in the form of organically bound sulphur, aminoacids, hormones as well as in the form of sulphates.Basing on our previous analysis we have generalized the data on the correlation concentrations of sulphur dioxide in the air and general concentrations of sulphur in the needles. We have supplemented the observations with the analyses of organically bound sulphur and concentrations of nonorganic sulphur. According to research data, needles contain a characteristic and rather stable quantity of organically bound sulphur.So we may state that the SO inf4 (sup2-) concentration and the amount of SO2 absorbed from the air are interdependent.Some authors state that SO inf4 (sup2-) content in the soil doesn't affect sulphur content in pine needles. That is why we studied the affect of SO inf4 (sup2-) content in the soil on sulphur content in Scotch pine needles.We could prove this statement by means of various kinds of analyses only partially. The ion transport is affected by the presence of other ions, pH and a lot of other factors.What may be said for sure is that different qualities of soils gave only minor and insignificant deviations.Hence our assumption about the SO2 contamination from air, proved by its effect on the soils, turns to suit approximate measurements.
空气质量在地表层尤其重要，因为正是这一层为环境中的生命成分提供了所需的氧气和二氧化碳。各种空气污染物渗透到细胞中，影响和污染它们。例如，在二氧化碳的影响下，某些松树物种的叶绿体外壳会加倍，随后类囊体膨胀和缩小。文献中有一些作者的观点认为，苏格兰松针是二氧化硫的生物指标。其他人则基于生理发育的观察结果反对这一观点。苏格兰松作为生物指标的特性表现为其针叶吸收二氧化硫。分析针叶中二氧化硫的总含量表明二氧化硫浓度增加。针叶中的硫以有机结合硫、氨基酸、激素以及硫酸盐的形式存在。基于我们之前的分析，我们总结了空气中二氧化硫浓度与针叶中总硫浓度的相关数据。我们用有机结合硫和非有机硫浓度的分析补充了这些观察结果。根据研究数据，针叶中含有特征性且相当稳定的有机结合硫量。因此，我们可以说，SO inf4 (sup2-) 浓度和从空气中吸收的 SO2 量是相互依存的。一些作者指出，土壤中的 SO inf4 (sup2-) 含量不会影响松针中的硫含量。这就是为什么我们研究了土壤中 SO inf4 (sup2-) 含量对苏格兰松针叶中硫含量的影响。我们只能通过各种分析部分证明这一说法。离子传输受到其他离子、pH 值和许多其他因素的影响。可以肯定的是，不同质量的土壤只产生微小而无意义的偏差。因此，我们关于空气二氧化硫污染的假设，通过其对土壤的影响得到了证明，转而适合近似测量。
