Crosby Alex E, Ortega Lavonne, Stevens Mark R
MMWR Suppl. 2013 Nov 22;62(3):179-83.
Injury from self-directed violence, which includes suicidal behavior and its consequences, is a leading cause of death and disability. In 2009, suicide was the 10th-leading cause of death in the United States and the cause of 36,909 deaths. In 2005, the estimated cost of self-directed violence (fatal and nonfatal treated) was $41.2 billion (including $38.9 billion in productivity losses and $2.2 billion in medical costs). Suicide is a complex human behavior that results from an interaction of multiple biological, psychological, social, political, and economic factors. Although self-directed violence affects members of all racial/ethnic groups in the United States, it often is misperceived to be a problem affecting primarily non-Hispanic white males.
自我导向性暴力造成的伤害,包括自杀行为及其后果,是死亡和残疾的主要原因。2009年,自杀是美国第十大死因,导致36,909人死亡。2005年,自我导向性暴力(致命和非致命治疗)的估计成本为412亿美元(包括389亿美元的生产力损失和22亿美元的医疗成本)。自杀是一种复杂的人类行为,由多种生物、心理、社会、政治和经济因素相互作用导致。尽管自我导向性暴力影响美国所有种族/族裔群体的成员,但人们常常误以为这主要是影响非西班牙裔白人男性的问题。