Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
Chemosphere. 2014 Jun;104:15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.079. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
The essential requirement for the effective phytoremediation is selection of a plant species which should be metal tolerant, with high biomass production and known agronomic techniques. The above mentioned criteria are met by crop plant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The response of hydroponically grown S. bicolor plants to cadmium and zinc stress was followed. The impact of metal application on physiological parameters, including changes in chlorophylls contents and antioxidative enzymes activities, was followed during the stress progression. Cadmium and zinc were accumulated primarily in the roots of sorghum plants. However, elevation of metal concentrations in the media promoted their transfer to the shoots. Toxic effects of metals applied at lower concentrations were less serious in the shoots in comparison with their influence to the roots. When applied at higher concentrations, transfer of the metals into the leaves increased, causing growth reduction and leading to Chl loss and metal-induced chlorosis. Moreover, higher metal levels in the roots overcame the quenching capacity of peroxidase and glutathione transferase, which was associated with reduction of their activities. Fortification of antioxidant system by addition of glutathione significantly increased the accumulation of cadmium in the roots as well as in the shoots at the highest cadmium concentration applied.
有效的植物修复的基本要求是选择一种植物物种，该物种应该具有耐金属性、高生物量生产和已知的农业技术。上述标准由农作物高粱（高粱）满足。研究了水培生长的高粱对镉和锌胁迫的反应。在胁迫过程中，观察了金属应用对生理参数的影响，包括叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化。镉和锌主要积累在高粱植物的根部。然而，金属浓度的升高促进了它们向地上部分的转移。与对根部的影响相比，在较低浓度下施加的金属的毒性作用在地上部分不那么严重。当以较高浓度施加时，金属向叶片的转移增加，导致生长减少，并导致叶绿素损失和金属诱导的黄化。此外，根部的金属水平升高克服了过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶的淬灭能力，这与它们的活性降低有关。通过添加谷胱甘肽来强化抗氧化系统，显著增加了在应用的最高镉浓度下在根部和地上部分的镉积累。
