MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2014 Feb;73(1):137-46. doi: 10.1017/S0029665113003765. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
A range of individual nutrients and foods have been suggested to increase obesity risk in childhood, but the evidence is inconsistent. Dietary patterns that summarise the whole diet may, however, be more informative. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review the current evidence pertaining to overall dietary patterns in childhood and later obesity risk. Studies eligible for review identified childhood dietary patterns using an empirical method, i.e. principal components analysis, factor analysis or reduced rank regression, and reported their prospective associations with an obesity-related outcome. Literature searches identified 166 studies and of these, seven met the eligibility criteria. Despite differences between studies, a common dietary pattern was identified in all seven studies that was high in energy-dense, high-fat and low-fibre foods. The quality of studies varied, however; the four studies reporting positive associations between this type of dietary pattern and later obesity risk were of consistently higher quality than those reporting null associations. The balance of evidence from this systematic review indicates that dietary patterns that are high in energy-dense, high-fat and low-fibre foods predispose young people to later overweight and obesity. It also highlights that examining multiple dietary factors within a dietary pattern may better explain obesity risk than individual nutrients or foods. However, more prospective studies are needed and dietary pattern research requires greater rigour and focus, to further clarify the role of dietary factors in the aetiology of obesity and inform future interventions.
一系列的个体营养素和食物已被认为会增加儿童肥胖的风险，但证据并不一致。然而，概括整个饮食的饮食模式可能更具信息量。本文的目的是系统地回顾目前关于儿童期整体饮食模式与后期肥胖风险的相关证据。有资格进行综述的研究使用经验性方法（即主成分分析、因子分析或降秩回归）确定儿童期饮食模式，并报告了它们与肥胖相关结局的前瞻性关联。文献检索确定了 166 项研究，其中 7 项符合纳入标准。尽管研究之间存在差异，但在所有 7 项研究中都确定了一种共同的饮食模式，即高热量、高脂肪和低纤维的食物含量高。然而，研究的质量存在差异；四项报告这种饮食模式与后期肥胖风险之间存在正相关关系的研究质量始终高于那些报告无关联关系的研究。本系统评价的综合证据表明，高热量、高脂肪和低纤维食物的饮食模式使年轻人更容易超重和肥胖。它还强调，在饮食模式中检查多种饮食因素可能比单个营养素或食物更好地解释肥胖风险。然而，还需要更多的前瞻性研究，饮食模式研究需要更加严格和集中，以进一步阐明饮食因素在肥胖发病机制中的作用，并为未来的干预措施提供信息。
