Frati-Munari Alberto C
Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Médica Sur, México DF, México.
Arch Cardiol Mex. 2013 Oct-Dec;83(4):303-12. doi: 10.1016/j.acmx.2013.04.015. Epub 2013 Nov 23.
Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer composed by glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins attached to the vascular endothelial luminal surface. It has several physiological roles: shear stress mechanotransduction to the endothelial cells, regulation of fluids and macromolecules vascular permeability, of coagulation cascade activation and fibrinolysis, and protects the endothelium from platelets and leukocytes adhesion. In general, glycocalyx protects vascular wall against pathogenic insults. The glycocalyx may be damaged by abnormal shear stress, reactive oxygen species, hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and inflammatory molecules, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, enhanced vascular permeability, lipoproteins leakage to subendothelial space, activation of plasma coagulation, and increased adherence of platelets and leukocytes to the endothelial cells. Shredding of glycocalyx appears as an important initial step in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases.
内皮糖萼是一层由附着于血管内皮腔表面的糖胺聚糖、蛋白聚糖和糖蛋白组成的结构。它具有多种生理作用：将剪切应力机械转导至内皮细胞、调节液体和大分子的血管通透性、激活凝血级联反应和纤维蛋白溶解，以及保护内皮免受血小板和白细胞黏附。一般来说，糖萼可保护血管壁免受病原体侵害。糖萼可能会因异常剪切应力、活性氧、高钠血症、高血糖、高胆固醇血症和炎症分子而受损，导致内皮功能障碍、血管通透性增强、脂蛋白渗漏至内皮下间隙、血浆凝血激活以及血小板和白细胞与内皮细胞的黏附增加。糖萼的剥脱似乎是血管疾病病理生理学中的一个重要起始步骤。
