Microbiology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Department of Pharmacology, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Phytother Res. 2014 Jun;28(6):917-24. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5086. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
Larrea divaricata Cav. is a plant growing in South America. Both the infusion and a derived fraction (F1) of L. divaricata have proved to have immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, F1 can activate macrophages obtained from mice infected with Candida albicans. In this work, F1 was administrated to infected animals, and the state and type of activation of resident macrophages were studied. Results showed that F1 was able to activate macrophages obtained from infected mice by both classical and alternative pathways, probably by inducing a translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B. F1 increases not only the lysosomal activity of macrophages but also the production of phagosomal superoxide anion as a consequence of the activation of the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) complex. F1 induced an increase in the macrophage capacity to kill the fungus, which was reflected in a decrease in the levels of colonization of organs. A main flavonoid, kaempferol-3,4'-dimethylether, was identified in F1 by HPLC. This compound increased in vitro production of nitric oxide in heat-killed C. albicans-stimulated macrophages. The flavonoid could thus be considered one of the responsible molecules mediating the overall effects of F1 on the immune system in infected animals.
裂叶荆芥 Cav. 是一种生长在南美洲的植物。裂叶荆芥的浸剂和衍生部分（F1）都被证明具有免疫调节特性。此外，F1 可以激活感染白色念珠菌的小鼠来源的巨噬细胞。在这项工作中，给感染的动物施用了 F1，并研究了驻留巨噬细胞的激活状态和类型。结果表明，F1 能够通过经典和替代途径激活从感染小鼠中获得的巨噬细胞，可能是通过诱导核因子 kappa-B 的易位。F1 不仅增加了巨噬细胞的溶酶体活性，而且还增加了吞噬体中超氧阴离子的产生，这是由于 NADPH 氧化酶复合物的激活。F1 增加了巨噬细胞杀死真菌的能力，这反映在器官定植水平的降低上。通过 HPLC 鉴定出 F1 中的一种主要类黄酮，山柰酚-3,4'-二甲醚。该化合物增加了热杀死的白色念珠菌刺激的巨噬细胞中一氧化氮的体外产生。因此，该类黄酮可以被认为是介导 F1 对感染动物免疫系统整体作用的负责分子之一。
