Otsu Miki, Hamatani Ryoko, Hattori Motoshi
Research Student(National Registered Dietitian), School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi. 2013;55(7):1320-6.
Dietary advice by dietitians based on various factors of nutrient intake and dietary habit is important for preventing postoperative complications in adult kidney transplant recipients, but little is known about whether such advice is also important for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult kidney transplant recipients. The purpose of this study was to examine the nutrient intake profiles and dietary habits of these recipients and to ascertain the need for dietary advice by dietitians.
This study involved 22 kidney transplant recipients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate> or =60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with no dietary restrictions. Nutrient intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire based on food groups and evaluated using the reference values given in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-J)for 2010 and the daily average intake of the National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan, 2010.
The mean age of the patients at the time of enrollment was 17.6+/-4.4 years(8.7 28.5 years). Energy and carbohydrate intakes were below the DRIs-J reference value in 18 patients(81.8 %), and the ratio of total fat to total energy was above the DRIs-J reference value in 20 patients(90.9 %). Vitamin B, vitamin B6, magnesium, and zinc intakes were below the DRIs-J reference value in all patients (100 %). Food group intakes that were less than 75 % of the values reported in the National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan were pulses and algae in 18 patients(81.8 %), green and yellow vegetables in 14 patients(63.6 %), other vegetables in 19 patients(86.4 %), and nuts and seeds in 16 patients(72.7 %).
This study suggests that dietary advice by dietitians is necessary for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult kidney transplant recipients to improve their nutrient intake and dietary habits.
营养师基于营养摄入和饮食习惯的各种因素提供饮食建议，对于预防成年肾移植受者术后并发症很重要，但对于此类建议对儿童、青少年和青年肾移植受者是否也很重要，人们了解甚少。本研究的目的是调查这些受者的营养摄入情况和饮食习惯，并确定营养师提供饮食建议的必要性。
本研究纳入了22名估计肾小球滤过率≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²且无饮食限制的肾移植受者。使用基于食物类别的食物频率问卷测量营养摄入量，并根据2010年《日本膳食参考摄入量》（DRIs-J）给出的参考值以及2010年日本国民健康与营养调查的每日平均摄入量进行评估。
入组时患者的平均年龄为17.6±4.4岁（8.7至28.5岁）。18名患者（81.8%）的能量和碳水化合物摄入量低于DRIs-J参考值，20名患者（90.9%）的总脂肪与总能量之比高于DRIs-J参考值。所有患者（100%）的维生素B、维生素B6、镁和锌摄入量均低于DRIs-J参考值。食物类别摄入量低于2010年日本国民健康与营养调查报道值75%的情况如下：18名患者（81.8%）的豆类和藻类，14名患者（63.6%）的绿色和黄色蔬菜，19名患者（86.4%）的其他蔬菜，以及16名患者（72.7%）的坚果和种子。
本研究表明，营养师提供饮食建议对于儿童、青少年和青年肾移植受者改善营养摄入和饮食习惯是必要的。
