Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135-139, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Dec 1;13:1103. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1103.
Most studies of the association between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and individual lifestyles leading to cardiovascular disease focused on a single cardiovascular risk factor. The concomitant assessment of more than one risk factor may provide clues to specific mechanisms linking neighborhood disadvantage to individual lifestyles. We investigated the association of neighborhood deprivation with fruits and vegetables consumption and leisure-time physical activity in adults living in an urban center in Portugal.
In 1999-2003, we assembled a random sample of 2081 adult residents in the city of Porto. Data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected by trained interviewers using structured questionnaires. Fruits and vegetables consumption was estimated using a validated 82-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire covering the previous year and expressed in portions per day. Physical activity was evaluated using a questionnaire exploring leisure-time activities over the previous year and expressed in metabolic equivalents (MET).minute/day. Self-reported address was used to place individuals in neighborhoods. Neighborhoods' socioeconomic characterization was based on aggregated data at the census block level provided by the 2001 National Census. Latent class analysis models were used to identify three discrete socioeconomic classes of neighborhoods. Random effects models with random intercepts at the neighborhood level were used to explore clustering and contextual effects of neighborhood deprivation on each of the outcomes.
We found evidence of neighborhood clustering of fruits and vegetables consumption and leisure-time physical activity that persisted after adjustment for neighborhood deprivation only among women. Women living in the most deprived neighborhoods presented a consumption increase of 0.43 (95% CI: -0.033 to 0.89) portions of fruits and vegetables per day and a decrease in leisure-time physical activity of 47.8 (95% CI: -91.8 to 1.41) MET.minute/day, when compared to those living in the most affluent neighborhoods. Among men, no contextual neighborhood deprivation effects were observed.
Overall, neighborhood deprivation had a small effect on the consumption of fruits and vegetables and leisure-time physical activity. Neighborhood factors other than socioeconomic deprivation may still impact on the studied outcomes among women. This study provides relevant information for the design of interventions directed to neighborhood characteristics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
大多数关于邻里社会经济剥夺与心血管疾病相关个体生活方式的研究都集中在单一的心血管风险因素上。同时评估多个风险因素可能会为邻里劣势与个体生活方式之间的特定机制提供线索。我们调查了葡萄牙一个城市中心的成年人中邻里剥夺与水果和蔬菜摄入以及休闲时间体力活动之间的关联。
1999 年至 2003 年，我们组建了波尔图市 2081 名成年居民的随机样本。社会人口特征数据由受过培训的访谈者使用结构化问卷收集。水果和蔬菜的摄入量是使用经过验证的包含前一年的 82 项半定量食物频率问卷来估计的，并用每日份表示。体力活动是通过调查前一年的休闲时间活动的问卷来评估的，用代谢当量（MET）表示。分钟/天。自我报告的地址用于将个人安置在邻里中。邻里的社会经济特征是基于 2001 年全国人口普查提供的普查块级聚合数据进行的。使用潜在类别分析模型来确定邻里的三个离散社会经济类别。使用邻里水平的随机截距随机效应模型来探索邻里剥夺对每个结果的聚类和背景效应。
我们发现，水果和蔬菜摄入以及休闲时间体力活动存在邻里聚集现象，这种现象在仅调整邻里剥夺后仍然存在，而且只存在于女性中。与生活在最富裕邻里的女性相比，生活在最贫困邻里的女性每天的水果和蔬菜摄入量增加了 0.43 份（95%置信区间：-0.033 至 0.89），休闲时间体力活动减少了 47.8（95%置信区间：-91.8 至 1.41）MET。分钟/天。在男性中，没有发现邻里剥夺的背景效应。
总的来说，邻里剥夺对水果和蔬菜的摄入以及休闲时间体力活动有较小的影响。除社会经济剥夺外，邻里因素仍可能对女性的研究结果产生影响。这项研究为以预防心血管疾病为目的的针对邻里特征的干预措施的设计提供了相关信息。
