Ngo Um-Sap S, Mbassi Awa H, Hott O, Tchendjou P, Womga A, Tanya A, Koki Ndombo P
Service de pédiatrie générale, centre Mère-Enfant de la Fondation Chantal-Biya, BP 25121, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Département de nutrition et santé publique, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
Service de pédiatrie générale, centre Mère-Enfant de la Fondation Chantal-Biya, BP 25121, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Département de pédiatrie, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Département de nutrition et santé publique, faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
Arch Pediatr. 2014 Jan;21(1):27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
Shifting from breastfeeding to solid food is known as the complementary feeding period. When complementary feeding is inadequate, malnutrition results in most cases. These practices differ depending on cultural and religious backgrounds as well as geographical location. Ruel and Menon studied the relationship between feeding practices during diversification and nutritional status of children at 6 and 36 months, using a score called the Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI). This ICFI scored feeding practices such as breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, food diversity, and meal frequency, which has never been studied in Cameroon.
The aim of this study was to describe actual feeding practices in children in our context as well as to investigate their relationship with children's nutritional status.
We carried out a cross-sectional study throughout the month of January 2011 at the Chantal-Biya Foundation. Mothers completed a questionnaire on how their infants were fed at birth, the initiation of complementary food, and feeding practices for the 3 days before the survey. The children's anthropometric parameters were noted. All mothers coming for vaccination or vitamin A supplementation for their children aged between 6 and 24 months were enrolled in the study.
We enrolled 197 mothers and their infants. Breastfeeding was the main feeding method at birth, but was exclusive until 6 months for only 15 % of the infants. Three-quarter of nursing mothers started adding complementary food at age 4-6 months, using pap. Half of the children did not receive animal products, fruits, or vegetables. When applying the ICFI to these practices, it appeared that the various diversification practices scored less than 8 for 50% of the population. A positive association was noted between the ICFI and nutritional status, as expressed by height-of-age Z-score (HAZ) and the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ).
We concluded that the codified feeding practices with respect to Ruel and Menon's ICFI are associated with the nutritional status of children between 6 and 24 months in Yaounde, Cameroon.
从母乳喂养过渡到固体食物喂养的阶段被称为辅食添加期。当辅食添加不当时，多数情况下会导致营养不良。这些喂养方式因文化、宗教背景以及地理位置的不同而存在差异。鲁埃尔和梅农使用一种名为婴幼儿喂养指数（ICFI）的评分方法，研究了辅食添加期间的喂养方式与6个月及36个月大儿童营养状况之间的关系。这种ICFI对母乳喂养、奶瓶喂养、食物多样性和进餐频率等喂养方式进行评分，喀麦隆此前从未有过相关研究。
本研究旨在描述我们研究背景下儿童的实际喂养方式，并调查其与儿童营养状况的关系。
2011年1月，我们在尚塔尔·比亚基金会开展了一项横断面研究。母亲们填写了一份问卷，内容涉及婴儿出生时的喂养方式、辅食添加起始情况以及调查前3天的喂养方式。记录了儿童的人体测量参数。所有前来为6至24个月大孩子接种疫苗或补充维生素A的母亲均纳入本研究。
我们招募了197位母亲及其婴儿。母乳喂养是出生时的主要喂养方式，但只有15%的婴儿在6个月前是纯母乳喂养。四分之三的哺乳期母亲在4至6个月时开始添加辅食，辅食为玉米粥。一半的儿童未摄入动物产品、水果或蔬菜。将ICFI应用于这些喂养方式时，似乎50%的人群各种辅食添加方式的得分低于8分。ICFI与营养状况之间存在正相关，以年龄别身高Z评分（HAZ）和年龄别体重Z评分（WAZ）表示。
我们得出结论，喀麦隆雅温得6至24个月大儿童的营养状况与参照鲁埃尔和梅农的ICFI制定的喂养方式相关。
