School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Programs in Clinical Nutrition, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, School of Health Related Professions, Newark, New Jersey.
J Ren Nutr. 2014 Mar;24(2):72-80. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.09.005. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
The objective of this study was to compare the characteristics and dietary intake of Second National Research Question (SNRQ) participants to the Women's Health Initiative-Dietary Modification (WHI-DM) Trial group and to compare the dietary intake of both groups to relevant reference norms.
The study design was a secondary analysis of data collected from the SNRQ and from the WHI-DM Trial.
SNRQ participants were adult women on dialysis (n = 248) from U.S. dialysis facilities. WHI-DM Trial participants (n = 48,836) were postmenopausal, 50- to 79-year-old women from 40 U.S. clinical centers.
The 1-sample t test, χ(2), and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare the SNRQ participants to the WHI-DM group and to compare the dietary intake of both to nutrition reference norms. Differences were considered significant at a 2-tailed P ≤ .01.
Dietary intake was defined as dietary energy intake (DEI), dietary protein intake (DPI), fiber, fat, saturated fat, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, fruits, and vegetables.
Characteristics including age, race, weight, educational level, and cardiovascular disease differed between the SNRQ and WHI-DM groups (P < .001). SNRQ participants had lower DEI, DPI, fiber, fat, saturated fat, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, fruit, and vegetable intake than WHI-DM women (P < .001). Dietary intake of SNRQ hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients differed significantly from reference norms (P < .001) except for phosphorus intake in PD patients (P = .03). WHI-DM women had higher intakes of fat and saturated fat and lower intakes of fiber, fruit, and vegetables than recommended in reference norms for the general population.
Dietary intake differed significantly between SNRQ participants and the WHI-DM group. Dietary intake of the SNRQ participants, except for phosphorus intake in PD patients, differed significantly from relevant reference norms.
本研究旨在比较第二国家研究问题（SNRQ）参与者的特征和饮食摄入与妇女健康倡议-饮食修正（WHI-DM）试验组，并将两组的饮食摄入与相关参考标准进行比较。
本研究设计是对 SNRQ 和 WHI-DM 试验数据的二次分析。
SNRQ 参与者是来自美国透析设施的成年女性透析患者（n=248）。WHI-DM 试验参与者（n=48836）是绝经后、年龄在 50 至 79 岁之间的来自美国 40 个临床中心的女性。
采用单样本 t 检验、χ(2)检验和 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验比较 SNRQ 参与者与 WHI-DM 组，并比较两组的饮食摄入与营养参考标准。差异在双侧 P≤.01 时被认为具有统计学意义。
饮食摄入定义为膳食能量摄入（DEI）、膳食蛋白质摄入（DPI）、纤维、脂肪、饱和脂肪、钠、钾、磷、水果和蔬菜。
特征包括年龄、种族、体重、教育水平和心血管疾病在 SNRQ 和 WHI-DM 组之间存在差异（P<0.001）。SNRQ 参与者的 DEI、DPI、纤维、脂肪、饱和脂肪、钾、钠、磷、水果和蔬菜摄入量均低于 WHI-DM 女性（P<0.001）。SNRQ 血液透析（HD）和腹膜透析（PD）患者的饮食摄入与参考标准有显著差异（P<0.001），除 PD 患者的磷摄入（P=0.03）外。WHI-DM 女性的脂肪和饱和脂肪摄入量较高，而纤维、水果和蔬菜摄入量低于一般人群参考标准推荐量。
SNRQ 参与者和 WHI-DM 组之间的饮食摄入有显著差异。除 PD 患者的磷摄入外，SNRQ 参与者的饮食摄入与相关参考标准有显著差异。
