Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
1] Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. [2] Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology of the National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. [3] Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. [4] Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Nat Rev Genet. 2014 Jan;15(1):7-21. doi: 10.1038/nrg3606. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
Genomes of multicellular organisms are characterized by the pervasive expression of different types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a novel heterogeneous class of ncRNAs that includes thousands of different species. lncRNAs have crucial roles in gene expression control during both developmental and differentiation processes, and the number of lncRNA species increases in genomes of developmentally complex organisms, which highlights the importance of RNA-based levels of control in the evolution of multicellular organisms. In this Review, we describe the function of lncRNAs in developmental processes, such as in dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, cell differentiation and organogenesis, with a particular emphasis on mammalian development.
多细胞生物的基因组以不同类型的非编码 RNA（ncRNA）的普遍表达为特征。长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）属于一类新型的 ncRNA 异质体，包括数千种不同的物种。lncRNA 在发育和分化过程中的基因表达控制中发挥着关键作用，并且在发育复杂的生物体的基因组中，lncRNA 物种的数量增加，这突出了 RNA 为基础的控制在多细胞生物进化中的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 lncRNA 在发育过程中的功能，如剂量补偿、基因组印记、细胞分化和器官发生，特别强调了哺乳动物的发育。
