Psychiatry. 2013 Winter;76(4):381-97. doi: 10.1521/psyc.2013.76.4.381.
Diathesis-stress models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) hypothesize that exposure to trauma may interact with individual differences in the development of PTSD. Previous studies have not assessed immediate responses to a proximate stressor, but the current "natural laboratory" study was designed to empirically test the role that individual differences in pathological narcissism may play in the development of acute anxiety symptoms among civilians facing rocket and missile fire.
We assessed demographic features, trauma exposure severity, narcissistic personality features, and acute anxiety symptoms (PTSD and General Anxiety Disorder [GAD]) among 342 Israeli female adults during the November 2012 eruption of violence in the Middle East.
Results demonstrate an association between exposure severity and acute anxiety symptoms (both PTSD and GAD) for individuals with high levels of pathological narcissism but not for those with low levels of pathological narcissism. These results suggest that individuals with narcissistic personality features are at high risk for the development of acute anxiety symptoms following exposure to uncontrollable and life-threatening mass trauma.
The findings underscore the role of intra-personal resources in the immediate psychological aftermath of war by highlighting the increased risk associated with narcissistic personality features. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的素质-应激模型假设，创伤暴露可能与 PTSD 的发展中的个体差异相互作用。先前的研究并未评估对近期应激源的即时反应，但本项“自然实验室”研究旨在实证检验病理自恋个体差异在平民面临火箭和导弹袭击时急性焦虑症状发展中可能发挥的作用。
我们评估了 342 名以色列成年女性在 2012 年 11 月中东暴力事件爆发期间的人口统计学特征、创伤暴露严重程度、自恋人格特征以及急性焦虑症状（PTSD 和广泛性焦虑障碍[GAD]）。
结果表明，对于高水平病理自恋的个体，暴露严重程度与急性焦虑症状（PTSD 和 GAD 均如此）相关，而对于低水平病理自恋的个体则不相关。这些结果表明，具有自恋人格特征的个体在暴露于无法控制和危及生命的大规模创伤后，发生急性焦虑症状的风险很高。
这些发现强调了个体内在资源在战争后的即时心理后果中的作用，突出了与自恋人格特征相关的风险增加。讨论了研究结果的理论和临床意义。
