Department of Behavioral Sciences, Sapir Academic College.
Department of Psychology, Oakland University.
Psychol Trauma. 2015 Jan;7(1):34-42. doi: 10.1037/a0035170. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
Although previous studies have rarely examined predictors of acute emotional responses to war trauma, this "natural laboratory" study aimed to examine the role that individual differences in dispositional optimism and self-esteem play in the development of acute symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and dissociative experiences. A sample of 140 female adults exposed to missile and rocket fire during an eruption of violence in the Middle East in November 2012 was assessed during real-time exposure. The results demonstrate inverse associations between dispositional optimism and acute symptoms of GAD and dissociation. The associations were accounted for by individual differences in self-esteem. In addition, individuals with low levels of dispositional optimism demonstrated a higher risk for acute GAD and dissociative experiences, in part because of their low levels of self-esteem. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
尽管先前的研究很少探讨对战争创伤的急性情绪反应的预测因素，但这项“自然实验室”研究旨在检验在广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）和分离体验的急性症状发展中，性格特质乐观和自尊的个体差异所起的作用。在 2012 年 11 月中东暴力事件爆发期间，对 140 名暴露于导弹和火箭弹袭击的成年女性进行了实时评估。结果表明，性格特质乐观与 GAD 和分离的急性症状呈负相关。这些关联可以通过自尊的个体差异来解释。此外，性格特质乐观程度较低的个体表现出更高的急性 GAD 和分离体验风险，部分原因是他们的自尊水平较低。讨论了这些发现的理论和临床意义。
