Update on extended-release opioids in pain management.

Chronic pain is frequently treated with our most potent analgesics, the opioids. While immediate-release opioids given every 3 - 4 h provide adequate analgesia for most patients with cancer pain and some patients with chronic nonmalignant pain, extended-release (ER) opioid formulations have been developed in the hope that patients with chronic pain would have improved analgesia, reduced side effects, more convenience, improved compliance, improved sleep and reduced nighttime pain. A more recent goal of the ER opioid product is to reduce prescription opioid addiction risk. This editorial will review the evidence that modern ER opioid formulations have advanced toward these goals.