Christian Counseling Services, Nashville, Tennessee.
J Youth Adolesc. 1984 Dec;13(6):509-25. doi: 10.1007/BF02088596.
Past investigations have documented that late adolescence is associated with developmental changes in identity formation resulting in individual differences in identity statuses. Particular attention has been given to the identification and study of diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achievement statuses. Drawing from the recent theoretical speculations by Cooper and Grotevant, an investigation was completed to assess the predictive utility of measures of family connectedness and individuality in differentiating among the four identity statuses. Data were obtained from male and female late adolescents and their mothers and fathers on perceptions of independence (individuality), communication, and emotional affection (connectedness). Differences among adolescents grouped into the four identity formation statuses were assessed using analysis of variance techniques comparing gender and identity status on measures of connectedness and individuality within a parent-adolescent relationship. Evidence consistent with the notion that a combination of emotional attachment to parents and the encouragement of independence striving by parents is associated with healthy identity development emerges from our data.
过去的研究已经证明，青少年晚期与身份形成的发展变化有关，导致身份状态的个体差异。特别关注的是扩散、预设立场、暂停和身份实现状态的识别和研究。借鉴库珀和格罗特万特最近的理论推测，进行了一项调查，以评估家庭联系和个性测量在区分四种身份状态方面的预测效用。数据来自男性和女性青少年晚期及其母亲和父亲，用于评估独立性（个性）、沟通和情感依恋（联系）的感知。使用方差分析技术，根据身份形成状态将青少年分组，比较父母-青少年关系中个性和联系的性别和身份状态差异。我们的数据表明，父母的情感依恋和鼓励独立努力的结合与健康的身份发展有关，这一观点得到了证实。
