Adams G R, Ryan J H, Hoffman J J, Dobson W R, Nielsen E C
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1984 Nov;47(5):1091-104. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.47.5.1091.
Three related studies were completed to test the predictive relation among identity status, personality, and conformity behavior. The investigations were undertaken to replicate the earlier research findings of Toder and Marcia (1973). As predicted in Study 1, personality differences were found for both sexes. However, no relation was observed between identity status and conformity on the Asch task. Study 2 was completed to confirm the reliability of the identity status measure. Finally, in Study 3 four measures of conformity behavior (peer assessments, an experimental task, two self-report scales) were completed by college students of diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and identity-achievement statuses. Diffusion students were most influenced by peer pressure conformity, whereas identity-achievement students were most likely to report engaging in conformity behavior for achievement gains. Although earlier research by Toder and Marcia (1973) was not replicated via the Asch conformity task, the third study does support a predicted relation between identity and conformity behavior.
完成了三项相关研究，以测试身份状态、个性和从众行为之间的预测关系。开展这些调查是为了重复托德和马西亚（1973年）早期的研究结果。正如研究1所预测的，发现两性在个性上存在差异。然而，在阿施任务中，未观察到身份状态与从众之间的关系。完成研究2是为了确认身份状态测量的可靠性。最后，在研究3中，处于扩散、封闭、延缓和身份达成状态的大学生完成了四项从众行为测量（同伴评估、一项实验任务、两个自我报告量表）。处于扩散状态的学生受同伴压力从众的影响最大，而处于身份达成状态的学生最有可能报告为了获得成就而参与从众行为。虽然托德和马西亚（1973年）早期的研究未能通过阿施从众任务得到重复，但第三项研究确实支持了身份与从众行为之间的预测关系。
