Extrachromosomal DNA of pea-root (Pisum sativum) has repeated sequences and ribosomal genes.

Restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blotting procedure were used to determine differences between extrachromosomal, nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial DNAs from meristematic cells of cultured pea roots.Extrachromosomal and nuclear DNA are highly methylated and neither DNA is homologous to plastid or mitochondrial DNA. Hybridization of extrachromosomal DNA to nuclear DNA indicated that extrachromosomal DNA differed quantitatively from total nuclear DNA in repetitive sequences. Cloned rDNA showed that extrachromosomal DNA contains rRNA genes but the hybridization signal indicated that the copy number was less than that expected if the molecules were amplified. These and cytological findings suggest that extrachromosomal DNA is involved in or a product of genomic changes associated with the onset of differentiation by precursor cells of vascular parenchyma and the root cap.