Department of Advanced Materials and Structures, Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Luxembourg and Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Belgium.
Chem Soc Rev. 2014 Mar 7;43(5):1519-42. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60204d. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
Nanocelluloses, including nanocrystalline cellulose, nanofibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose nanofibers, have become fascinating building blocks for the design of new biomaterials. Derived from the must abundant and renewable biopolymer, they are drawing a tremendous level of attention, which certainly will continue to grow in the future driven by the sustainability trend. This growing interest is related to their unsurpassed quintessential physical and chemical properties. Yet, owing to their hydrophilic nature, their utilization is restricted to applications involving hydrophilic or polar media, which limits their exploitation. With the presence of a large number of chemical functionalities within their structure, these building blocks provide a unique platform for significant surface modification through various chemistries. These chemical modifications are prerequisite, sometimes unavoidable, to adapt the interfacial properties of nanocellulose substrates or adjust their hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. Therefore, various chemistries have been developed aiming to surface-modify these nano-sized substrates in order to confer to them specific properties, extending therefore their use to highly sophisticated applications. This review collocates current knowledge in the research and development of nanocelluloses and emphasizes more particularly on the chemical modification routes developed so far for their functionalization.
纳米纤维素，包括纳米晶纤维素、纳米纤维纤维素和细菌纤维素纳米纤维，已成为设计新型生物材料的引人入胜的构建块。它们源自最丰富和可再生的生物聚合物，由于可持续发展趋势的推动，引起了人们极大的关注，未来这种关注度肯定还会继续增长。这种日益增长的兴趣与它们无与伦比的基本物理和化学性质有关。然而，由于其亲水性，它们的利用仅限于涉及亲水或极性介质的应用，这限制了它们的开发。由于其结构中存在大量的化学官能团，这些构建块为通过各种化学方法进行显著的表面改性提供了独特的平台。这些化学修饰是必要的，有时是不可避免的，以适应纳米纤维素基材的界面性质或调整其亲水-疏水平衡。因此，已经开发了各种化学方法来对这些纳米级基材进行表面改性，以便赋予它们特定的性质，从而将其用途扩展到高度复杂的应用中。本综述汇集了纳米纤维素研究和开发方面的现有知识，并特别强调了迄今为止为其功能化而开发的化学修饰途径。
