Sheraz Muhammad, Sun Xiao-Feng, Siddiqui Adeena, Hu Sihai, Song Zhengcang
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Feb 20;17(5):559. doi: 10.3390/polym17050559.
The search for sustainable and efficient remediation techniques is required to control increasing environmental pollution caused by synthetic dyes, heavy metal ions, and other harmful pollutants. From this point of view, natural polymers like chitosan, cellulose, lignin, and pectin have been found highly promising due to their biodegradability, availability, and possibility of chemical functionalization. Natural polymers possess inherent adsorption properties that can be further enhanced by cross-linking and surface activation. This review discusses the main properties, adsorption mechanisms, and functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups responsible for pollutant sequestration. The paper also emphasizes the effectiveness of natural polymers in removing heavy metals and dyes from wastewater and discusses recent advances in polymer modifications, including ionic crosslinking and grafting. This study underlines the ecological potential of natural polymer-based adsorbents in the treatment of wastewater and the protection of the environment as a sustainable solution to pollution challenges.
为了控制由合成染料、重金属离子和其他有害污染物造成的日益严重的环境污染，需要寻找可持续且高效的修复技术。从这一角度来看，壳聚糖、纤维素、木质素和果胶等天然聚合物因其生物可降解性、可得性以及化学功能化的可能性而被发现具有很大的潜力。天然聚合物具有固有的吸附特性，可通过交联和表面活化进一步增强。本综述讨论了其主要特性、吸附机制以及负责污染物螯合的羟基、羧基和氨基等官能团。本文还强调了天然聚合物在去除废水中重金属和染料方面的有效性，并讨论了聚合物改性的最新进展，包括离子交联和接枝。这项研究强调了基于天然聚合物的吸附剂在废水处理和环境保护方面的生态潜力，是应对污染挑战的可持续解决方案。
