Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland.
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland; Department of Biological Sciences; Cork Institute of Technology; Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
Virulence. 2014 Apr 1;5(3):399-412. doi: 10.4161/viru.27208. Epub 2013 Apr 1.
Metagenomics provides a means of assessing the total genetic pool of all the microbes in a particular environment, in a culture-independent manner. It has revealed unprecedented diversity in microbial community composition, which is further reflected in the encoded functional diversity of the genomes, a large proportion of which consists of novel genes. Herein, we review both sequence-based and functional metagenomic methods to uncover novel genes and outline some of the associated problems of each type of approach, as well as potential solutions. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for metagenomic biotherapeutic discovery, with a particular focus on the human gut microbiome and finally, we outline how the discovery of novel genes may be used to create bioengineered probiotics.
宏基因组学提供了一种不依赖培养的方法来评估特定环境中所有微生物的总遗传库。它揭示了微生物群落组成前所未有的多样性，这进一步反映在基因组所编码的功能多样性上，其中很大一部分由新基因组成。在此，我们综述了基于序列和功能的宏基因组学方法来揭示新基因，并概述了每种方法类型的相关问题以及潜在的解决方案。此外，我们还讨论了宏基因组生物治疗发现的潜力，特别关注人类肠道微生物组，最后，我们概述了如何利用新基因的发现来创建生物工程益生菌。
