All-Union Institute of Applied Molecular Biology and Genetics, Vaskhnil.
Theor Appl Genet. 1978 Jul;51(4):145-52. doi: 10.1007/BF00273138.
Using the Giemsa technique of differential staining (the BSG test), we have studies the karyotypes and constructed the idiograms of T. aestivum L. var. 'Diamant' and 'Chinese Spring', T. Monococcum L. v. 'hornemannii' ssp. roles occidentali georgicum Dek., Aegilops squarrosa L. v. 'Meeyeri', T. aestivum. The karyotypes of 'Chinese Spring' and 'Diamant' differ drastically both in total structural heterochromatin content and its localization on the nine morphologically homeologous chromosomes. The rest of the twelve pairs of chromosomes showed no morphological similarity. This indicates considerable differences in the phylogeny of the varieties, and also an absence of unique karyotype in T. aestivum.Three chromosomes of Ae. Squarrosa are similar to those of 'Chinese Spring', yet, on the whole, the chromosomal structural specificity of the diploids studied is so high that we fail to understand the nature of the homology between common wheat and its supposed diploid ancestors.The role of introgression in the evolution of the genomes of Triticum and Aegilops, and also the meaning of the conjugation and BSG tests in resolving the phylogeny, is discussed.
我们采用吉姆萨（Giemsa）的差异染色技术（BSG 试验），对普通小麦品种“Diamant”和“Chinese Spring”、提莫菲维小麦“hornemannii” ssp.roles occidentali georgicum Dek.、节节麦 Ae. squarrosa L. v. “Meeyeri”以及普通小麦的核型进行了研究，并构建了这些物种的染色体组型图。“Chinese Spring”和“Diamant”的核型在总结构异染色质含量及其在 9 对形态同源染色体上的定位方面存在显著差异。其余 12 对染色体则没有形态相似性。这表明这些品种在系统发育上存在很大差异，同时也表明普通小麦中不存在独特的染色体组型。节节麦的 3 条染色体与“Chinese Spring”相似，但总的来说，所研究的二倍体的染色体结构特异性非常高，我们无法理解普通小麦与其假定的二倍体祖先之间同源性的本质。我们还讨论了基因渗入在小麦属和鹅观草属基因组进化中的作用，以及结合和 BSG 试验在解析系统发育中的意义。
