Rodríguez-Mercado Juan J, Hernández-de la Cruz Heriberto, Felipe-Reyes Miriam, Jaramillo-Cruz Eduardo, Altamirano-Lozano Mario A
Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UIGTA), Laboratorio L5 PA, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, Ciudad de México, México.
Environ Toxicol. 2015 May;30(5):572-80. doi: 10.1002/tox.21934. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
Although thallium is detrimental to all living organisms, information regarding the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of this element and its compounds remains scarce. Therefore, we tested the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of thallium(I) acetate on human peripheral blood cells in vitro using structural chromosomal aberrations (SCAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and single-cell gel electrophoresis (at pH >13 or 12.1) analysis. Whole blood samples were incubated with 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/mL thallium salt. Exposure to this metal compound resulted in a clear dose-dependent reduction in the mitotic and replicative indices. An increase in SCAs was evident in the treated group compared with the control group, and significant differences were observed in the percentage of cells with SCAs when metaphase cells were treated with 0.5-10 µg/mL of thallium(I). The SCE test did not reveal any significant differences. We observed that a 1-h treatment with thallium(I) at pH > 13 significantly increased the comet length for all the concentrations tested; however, at pH 12.1, only the two highest concentrations affected the comet length. These results suggested that thallium(I) acetate induces cytotoxic, cytostatic, and clastogenic effects, as well as DNA damage.
尽管铊对所有生物都有害，但关于该元素及其化合物的致突变和遗传毒性作用的信息仍然很少。因此，我们使用染色体结构畸变（SCAs）、姐妹染色单体交换（SCEs）和单细胞凝胶电泳（pH>13或12.1）分析，在体外测试了醋酸铊（I）对人外周血细胞的遗传毒性和细胞毒性作用。全血样本与0.5、1、5、10、50或100μg/mL的铊盐一起孵育。暴露于这种金属化合物导致有丝分裂和复制指数明显呈剂量依赖性降低。与对照组相比，处理组的SCAs增加明显，当用0.5-10μg/mL的铊（I）处理中期细胞时，观察到具有SCAs的细胞百分比存在显著差异。SCE试验未发现任何显著差异。我们观察到，在pH>13的条件下用铊（I）处理1小时，所有测试浓度的彗星长度均显著增加；然而，在pH 12.1时，只有两个最高浓度影响彗星长度。这些结果表明，醋酸铊（I）可诱导细胞毒性、细胞生长抑制和断裂效应以及DNA损伤。
