Limia Sánchez Aurora
Subdirección de Promoción de la Salud y Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Calidad e Innovación, Ministerio de Sanidad Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Madrid, España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2013 Sep-Oct;87(5):507-16. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272013000500009.
Poliomyelitis was considered an important event for the public health since the end of XIX century when this disease became epidemic. As soon as vaccines were available member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the European Region started to implement vaccination programmes against polio with an important impact in the incidence in this disease. In May 1988, the World Health Assembly resolution for the global eradication of poliomyelitis was adopted and the mechanisms to oversee the progress in the different WHO Regions were established. This article briefly reviews the history of polio in the WHO European Region, the process for certification and maintenance, the strategies for eradication and the current situation in the European Region and globally. The European Region was certified polio-free in 2002. Nevertheless, there are still three endemic countries in the world, some others use live attenuated vaccines as well as countries in the Horn of Africa are recently suffering the reintroduction of wild poliovirus. Considering these circumstances, the risk of reintroduction of poliovirus and the generation of outbreaks in the European Region exists, therefore high vaccination coverage against polio and good quality surveillance systems are needed to be guaranteed in every member state.
自19世纪末脊髓灰质炎成为流行病以来，它一直被视为对公共卫生的重大事件。一旦有了疫苗，世界卫生组织（WHO）欧洲区域的成员国就开始实施针对脊髓灰质炎的疫苗接种计划，这对该疾病的发病率产生了重大影响。1988年5月，世界卫生大会通过了全球根除脊髓灰质炎的决议，并建立了监督世卫组织不同区域进展情况的机制。本文简要回顾了世卫组织欧洲区域脊髓灰质炎的历史、认证和维持过程、根除策略以及欧洲区域和全球的现状。欧洲区域于2002年被认证为无脊髓灰质炎地区。然而，世界上仍有三个流行国家，其他一些国家使用减毒活疫苗，而且非洲之角的一些国家最近又重新出现了野生脊髓灰质炎病毒。考虑到这些情况，欧洲区域存在脊髓灰质炎病毒重新引入和暴发的风险，因此需要确保每个成员国都有高脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种覆盖率和高质量的监测系统。
