CNRS, ISVV, EGFV, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
J Exp Bot. 2014 Mar;65(3):821-32. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert394. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
In addition to their role as a source of reduced carbon, sugars may directly or indirectly control a wide range of activities in plant cells, through transcriptional and post-translational regulation. This control has been studied in detail using Arabidopsis thaliana, where genetic analysis offers many possibilities. Much less is known about perennial woody species. For several years, various aspects of sugar sensing and signalling have been investigated in the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry, an organ that accumulates high concentrations of hexoses in the vacuoles of flesh cells. Here we review various aspects of this topic: the molecular basis of sugar transport and its regulation by sugars in grapevine; the functional analysis of several sugar-induced genes; the effects of some biotic and abiotic stresses on the sugar content of the berry; and finally the effects of exogenous sugar supply on the ripening process in field conditions. A picture of complex feedback and multiprocess regulation emerges from these data.
除了作为碳源的作用外，糖还可以通过转录和翻译后调控直接或间接控制植物细胞中的广泛活性。拟南芥的遗传分析提供了许多可能性，使得这种控制得到了详细的研究。关于多年生木本物种的了解则要少得多。多年来，葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）浆果中的糖感应和信号转导的各个方面一直在被研究，葡萄浆果是一种在果肉细胞液泡中积累高浓度己糖的器官。在这里，我们回顾了这个主题的各个方面：糖在葡萄中的运输及其受糖调节的分子基础；几种糖诱导基因的功能分析；一些生物和非生物胁迫对浆果中糖含量的影响；最后是外源糖供应对田间条件下成熟过程的影响。这些数据显示出了一个复杂的反馈和多过程调节的画面。
