Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA,
Transl Stroke Res. 2011 Dec;2(4):433-7. doi: 10.1007/s12975-011-0132-y. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
This review focuses on assessment of behavioral outcomes following traumatic brain injury in juvenile animal models. In the 15 years since the first publication in this field, the majority of studies have used rats roughly equivalent to human toddlers in terms of brain development. Few studies have tested ages closer to human neonates, and fewer have assessed ages closer to human adolescents. Closed head impact has been the most commonly used model, causing relatively consistent motor and cognitive deficits. Additionally, closed head impacts of a more severe nature have generally led to behavioral deficits of a more severe nature. Impact models (both closed and open skull) have produced more severe deficits in younger animals than in older animals, similar to patterns observed in juvenile humans with traumatic brain injury. In contrast, the fluid percussion model has produced relatively subtle deficits that did not get worse with a more severe injury and were worse for older animals than younger animals. Most of the studies have looked at relatively short postinjury time points, and none so far have assessed behavior in old adult animals injured as juveniles. The review ends with a discussion of possible directions for future animal research into juvenile traumatic brain injury.
这篇综述重点关注了创伤性脑损伤后幼年动物模型行为结果的评估。自该领域的第一篇论文发表以来的 15 年中，大多数研究使用的大鼠在大脑发育方面与人类幼儿相当。很少有研究测试接近人类新生儿的年龄，更少的研究评估接近人类青少年的年龄。闭合性颅脑损伤是最常用的模型，导致相对一致的运动和认知缺陷。此外，更严重性质的闭合性颅脑冲击通常会导致更严重性质的行为缺陷。与在创伤性脑损伤的幼年人类中观察到的模式相似，闭合性和开放性颅骨冲击模型在年幼动物中产生的缺陷比在年长动物中更为严重。相比之下，流体冲击模型产生的缺陷相对较轻，且更严重的损伤不会使缺陷恶化，并且在年长动物中比年幼动物更为严重。大多数研究都着眼于相对较短的损伤后时间点，迄今为止，还没有研究评估作为青少年受伤的老年成年动物的行为。综述最后讨论了未来针对青少年创伤性脑损伤的动物研究的可能方向。
