Chalouhi Nohra, Jabbour Pascal, Magnotta Vincent, Hasan David
Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Transl Stroke Res. 2014 Apr;5(2):260-8. doi: 10.1007/s12975-013-0291-0. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
Inflammation is a key component in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular lesions. Two agents have emerged as promising possibilities for imaging cerebrovascular lesions. These agents are ferumoxytol and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-specific paramagnetic magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent. Ferumoxytol is an iron oxide nanoparticle coated by a carbohydrate shell that is used in MRI studies as an inflammatory marker as it is cleared by macrophages. Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI allows noninvasive assessment of the inflammatory status of cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations and, possibly, may differentiate "unstable" lesions that require early intervention from "stable" lesions that can be safely observed. Several pilot studies have also suggested that MPO-specific paramagnetic MR contrast agent, di-5-hydroxytryptamide of gadopentetate dimeglumine, may allow imaging of inflammation in the wall of saccular aneurysms in animal models. However, studies in human subjects have yet to be performed. In this paper, we review current data regarding ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI and MPO-specific paramagnetic MR contrast agent and discuss current and future applications.
炎症是脑血管病变发病机制中的关键组成部分。有两种药物有望用于脑血管病变的成像。这两种药物分别是铁羧麦芽糖和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）特异性顺磁性磁共振（MR）造影剂。铁羧麦芽糖是一种由碳水化合物外壳包裹的氧化铁纳米颗粒，在MRI研究中用作炎症标志物，因为它可被巨噬细胞清除。铁羧麦芽糖增强MRI能够对脑动脉瘤和动静脉畸形的炎症状态进行无创评估，并且可能区分需要早期干预的“不稳定”病变和可安全观察的“稳定”病变。多项初步研究还表明，MPO特异性顺磁性MR造影剂，即钆喷酸葡胺的二-5-羟基色胺，可能在动物模型中实现对囊状动脉瘤壁炎症的成像。然而，尚未在人体受试者中开展相关研究。在本文中，我们回顾了关于铁羧麦芽糖增强MRI和MPO特异性顺磁性MR造影剂的现有数据，并讨论了当前及未来的应用。
