Bohns Vanessa K, Roghanizad M Mahdi, Xu Amy Z
1University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014 Mar;40(3):348-62. doi: 10.1177/0146167213511825. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
We examined the psychology of "instigators," people who surround an unethical act and influence the wrongdoer (the "actor") without directly committing the act themselves. In four studies, we found that instigators of unethical acts underestimated their influence over actors. In Studies 1 and 2, university students enlisted other students to commit a "white lie" (Study 1) or commit a small act of vandalism (Study 2) after making predictions about how easy it would be to get their fellow students to do so. In Studies 3 and 4, online samples of participants responded to hypothetical vignettes, for example, about buying children alcohol and taking office supplies home for personal use. In all four studies, instigators failed to recognize the social pressure they levied on actors through simple unethical suggestions, that is, the discomfort actors would experience by making a decision that was inconsistent with the instigator's suggestion.
我们研究了“煽动者”的心理，这些人围绕着不道德行为，在自己没有直接实施该行为的情况下影响作恶者（“行为者”）。在四项研究中，我们发现不道德行为的煽动者低估了他们对行为者的影响。在研究1和研究2中，大学生在预测让其他学生实施“善意谎言”（研究1）或实施小破坏行为（研究2）的难易程度后，招募其他学生去实施这些行为。在研究3和研究4中，在线样本的参与者对假设的情景做出反应，例如，给儿童买酒以及把办公用品带回家供个人使用。在所有四项研究中，煽动者没有认识到他们通过简单的不道德建议对行为者施加的社会压力，即行为者做出与煽动者建议不一致的决定时会体验到的不适。
