1Ingeniería Comercial, Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez.
Psychol Sci. 2013 Oct;24(10):1986-94. doi: 10.1177/0956797613482144. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Perspective taking is often the glue that binds people together. However, we propose that in competitive contexts, perspective taking is akin to adding gasoline to a fire: It inflames already-aroused competitive impulses and leads people to protect themselves from the potentially insidious actions of their competitors. Overall, we suggest that perspective taking functions as a relational amplifier. In cooperative contexts, it creates the foundation for prosocial impulses, but in competitive contexts, it triggers hypercompetition, leading people to prophylactically engage in unethical behavior to prevent themselves from being exploited. The experiments reported here establish that perspective taking interacts with the relational context--cooperative or competitive--to predict unethical behavior, from using insidious negotiation tactics to materially deceiving one's partner to cheating on an anagram task. In the context of competition, perspective taking can pervert the age-old axiom "do unto others as you would have them do unto you" into "do unto others as you think they will try to do unto you."
换位思考通常是将人们联系在一起的黏合剂。然而，我们认为，在竞争环境中，换位思考犹如往火上浇汽油：它会激起已经激起的竞争冲动，使人们保护自己免受竞争对手可能阴险的行为的影响。总的来说，我们认为换位思考是一种关系放大器。在合作环境中，它为亲社会冲动创造了基础，但在竞争环境中，它引发了过度竞争，导致人们预防性地采取不道德行为，以防止自己被利用。这里报告的实验表明，换位思考与合作或竞争的关系背景相互作用，预测不道德行为，从使用阴险的谈判策略到实质性地欺骗合作伙伴，再到在字谜任务上作弊。在竞争环境中，换位思考可以将古老的格言“己所不欲，勿施于人”扭曲为“以你认为别人会试图对你做的方式对待别人”。
