U.S. EPA , National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Rd., Athens, Georgia 30605, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Feb 18;48(4):2395-403. doi: 10.1021/es404021f. Epub 2014 Jan 15.
We investigated the efficacy of metabolomics for field-monitoring of fish exposed to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and nonpoint sources of chemical contamination. Lab-reared male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, FHM) were held in mobile monitoring units and exposed on-location to surface waters upstream and downstream of the effluent point source, as well as to the actual effluent at three different WWTP sites in Minnesota. After four days of exposure, livers were collected, extracted, and analyzed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS to characterize responses of the hepatic metabolome. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed distinct metabolite profile changes in response to effluent exposure from each of the three WWTPs. Differences among locations (i.e., upstream, downstream, and effluent) within each of the three sites were also identified. These observed differences comport with land-use and WWTP characteristics at the study sites. For example, at one of the sites, the metabolomic analyses suggested a positive interactive response from exposure to WWTP effluent and nearby nonpoint (likely agricultural related) contamination. These findings demonstrate the utility of metabolomics as a field-based technique for monitoring the exposure of fish to impacted surface waters.
我们研究了代谢组学在野外监测暴露于污水处理厂（WWTP）废水和非点源化学污染的鱼类中的功效。实验室饲养的雄性胖头鱼（Pimephales promelas，FHM）被放置在移动监测单元中，并在明尼苏达州的三个不同 WWTP 地点的废水点源的上游和下游以及实际废水中进行现场暴露。暴露四天后，采集肝脏，通过（1）H NMR 光谱和 GC-MS 进行提取和分析，以表征肝脏代谢组的反应。多元统计分析显示，来自三个 WWTP 中的每一个的废水暴露都引起了明显的代谢物谱变化。还确定了每个地点（即上游、下游和废水）之间的位置差异。这些观察到的差异与研究地点的土地利用和 WWTP 特征相符。例如，在其中一个地点，代谢组学分析表明，暴露于 WWTP 废水和附近的非点（可能与农业相关）污染之间存在积极的交互反应。这些发现证明了代谢组学作为一种基于现场的技术在监测鱼类暴露于受影响的地表水方面的效用。
