National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2018 Mar;37(3):788-796. doi: 10.1002/etc.4003. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
High-resolution mass spectrometry is advantageous for monitoring physiological impacts and contaminant biotransformation products in fish exposed to complex wastewater effluent. We evaluated this technique using skin mucus from male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to control water or treated wastewater effluent at 5, 20, and 100% levels for 21 d, using an on-site, flow-through system providing real-time exposure. Both sex-specific and non-sex-specific responses were observed in the mucus metabolome, the latter suggesting the induction of general compensatory pathways for xenobiotic exposures. Altogether, 85 statistically significant treatment-dependent metabolite changes were observed out of the 310 total endogenous metabolites that were detected (156 of the 310 were annotated). Partial least squares-regression models revealed strong covariances between the mucus metabolomes and up-regulated hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts reported previously for these same fish. These regression models suggest that mucus metabolomic changes reflected, in part, processes by which the fish biotransformed xenobiotics in the effluent. In keeping with this observation, we detected a phase II transformation product of bisphenol A in the skin mucus of male fish. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the utility of mucus as a minimally invasive matrix for simultaneously assessing exposures and effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:788-796. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
高分辨率质谱分析有利于监测暴露于复杂废水废水中的鱼类的生理影响和污染物生物转化产物。我们使用现场流动系统提供实时暴露，在 5%、20%和 100%水平下用雄性和雌性黑头呆鱼（Pimephales promelas）的皮肤黏液评估了这种技术，这些鱼暴露于对照水或处理过的废水废水中 21 天。在黏液代谢组中观察到了性别特异性和非性别特异性反应，后者表明诱导了用于外来化合物暴露的一般补偿途径。总共观察到 310 种内源性代谢物中有 85 种与处理有关的代谢物变化（310 种中有 156 种被注释）。偏最小二乘回归模型显示，黏液代谢组与先前报道的相同鱼类的肝脏信使核糖核酸（mRNA）转录物的上调之间存在很强的协方差。这些回归模型表明，黏液代谢组学变化部分反映了鱼类在废水中生物转化外来化合物的过程。与这一观察结果一致，我们在雄性鱼类的皮肤黏液中检测到了双酚 A 的 II 期转化产物。总的来说，这些发现证明了黏液作为一种微创基质的实用性，可同时评估环境相关污染物混合物的暴露和影响。环境毒理化学 2018；37:788-796。2017 年 Wiley 期刊公司代表 SETAC 出版。本文是美国政府的作品，因此在美国属于公有领域。
