Nuttbrock Larry, Bockting Walter, Rosenblum Andrew, Hwahng Sel, Mason Mona, Macri Monica, Becker Jeffrey
At the time of this research, Larry Nuttbrock, Andrew Rosenblum, Sel Hwahng, Mona Mason, Monica Macri, and Jeffrey Becker were with the National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Walter Bockting was with the Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Am J Public Health. 2014 Nov;104(11):2191-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301545. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
We examined the social and interpersonal context of gender abuse and its effects on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition major depression among transgender women.
We conducted a 3-year prospective study (2004-2007) among 230 transgender women aged 19 to 59 years from the New York City Metropolitan Area. Statistical techniques included generalized estimating equations (logistic regression).
We observed significant associations of psychological and physical gender abuse with major depression during follow-up. New or persistent experiences of both types of abuse were associated with 4- to 7-fold increases in the likelihood of incident major depression. Employment, transgender presentation, sex work, and hormone therapy correlated across time with psychological abuse; the latter 2 variables correlated with physical abuse. The association of psychological abuse with depression was stronger among younger than among older transgender women.
Psychological and physical gender abuse is endemic in this population and may result from occupational success and attempts to affirm gender identity. Both types of abuse have serious mental health consequences in the form of major depression. Older transgender women have apparently developed some degree of resilience to psychological gender abuse.
我们研究了性别虐待的社会和人际背景及其对变性女性中《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版中重度抑郁症的影响。
我们对来自纽约市大都市区的230名年龄在19至59岁之间的变性女性进行了一项为期3年的前瞻性研究（2004 - 2007年）。统计技术包括广义估计方程（逻辑回归）。
我们观察到在随访期间，心理和身体上的性别虐待与重度抑郁症之间存在显著关联。两种类型虐待的新经历或持续经历与重度抑郁症发病可能性增加4至7倍相关。就业、变性表现、性工作和激素治疗随时间与心理虐待相关；后两个变量与身体虐待相关。心理虐待与抑郁症的关联在年轻变性女性中比在年长变性女性中更强。
心理和身体上的性别虐待在这一人群中很普遍，可能源于职业成功和对性别认同的确认尝试。两种类型的虐待都会以重度抑郁症的形式产生严重的心理健康后果。年长的变性女性显然对心理性别虐待已经形成了一定程度的适应能力。
