University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2011 Oct;101(10):1980-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.197285. Epub 2011 Apr 14.
We determined racial/ethnic differences in social support and exposure to violence and transphobia, and explored correlates of depression among male-to-female transgender women with a history of sex work (THSW).
A total of 573 THSW who worked or resided in San Francisco or Oakland, California, were recruited through street outreach and referrals and completed individual interviews using a structured questionnaire.
More than half of Latina and White participants were depressed on the basis of Center For Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores. About three quarters of White participants reported ever having suicidal ideation, of whom 64% reported suicide attempts. Half of the participants reported being physically assaulted, and 38% reported being raped or sexually assaulted before age 18 years. White and African American participants reported transphobia experiences more frequently than did others. Social support, transphobia, suicidal ideation, and levels of income and education were significantly and independently correlated with depression.
For THSW, psychological vulnerability must be addressed in counseling, support groups, and health promotion programs specifically tailored to race/ethnicity.
我们旨在确定社会支持以及暴力和跨性别恐惧暴露方面的种族/民族差异，并探讨有性工作史的跨性别女性（THSW）抑郁的相关因素。
共招募了 573 名曾在加利福尼亚州旧金山或奥克兰工作或居住的 THSW，通过街头外展和转介招募，并使用结构化问卷完成个人访谈。
根据流行病学研究中心抑郁量表评分，超过一半的拉丁裔和白人参与者表现出抑郁。约四分之三的白人参与者报告曾经有过自杀意念，其中 64%报告曾尝试过自杀。一半的参与者报告曾遭受过身体攻击，38%报告在 18 岁之前曾遭受过强奸或性侵犯。与其他人相比，白人参与者和非裔美国参与者报告的跨性别恐惧经历更为频繁。社会支持、跨性别恐惧、自杀意念以及收入和教育水平与抑郁显著且独立相关。
对于 THSW，咨询、支持小组和专门针对种族/民族的健康促进计划必须解决心理脆弱问题。
