Nwani Christopher Didigwu, Nagpure Naresh Sahebrao, Kumar Ravindra, Kushwaha Basdeo, Kumar Pavan, Lakra Wazir Singh
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria .
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2014 Oct;37(4):370-7. doi: 10.3109/01480545.2013.866138. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
The genotoxic effects of commonly used agricultural pesticides viz., carbosulfan, glyphosate, and atrazine, were evaluated in Channa punctatus (Pisces, Perciformes) using micronucleus (MN) test and induction of nuclear lesions (NL). The 96 h LC50 value were estimated by probit analysis as 0.27, 32.0 and 42.0 mg L(-1), respectively, for carbosulfan, glyphosate, and atrazine using semi-static bioassays. Based on these values, three sublethal test concentrations of carbosulfan (0.07, 0.13, 0.20 mg L(-1)), glyphosate (8.1, 16.3, 24.4 mg L(-1)) and atrazine (10.6, 21.2, 31.8 mg L(-1)) corresponding to ¼, ½ and ¾ of the LC50 of the pesticides respectively, were selected for exposure for 96 h. Peripheral blood samplings were taken at intervals of 24 h for assessment of MN and NL frequencies. Considerably higher genotoxic damage was induced by carbosulfan as compared to glyphosate and atrazine. There were significant effects (p < 0.01) of concentrations in all the treated groups. The induction of MN and NL was highest at 96 h pesticide exposure at all test concentrations. The nuclear abnormalities recorded in this study, such as blebbed-, lobed-, notched- and bi-nuclei, other than micronuclei, are indicators of genotoxic damage.
使用微核（MN）试验和核损伤（NL）诱导技术，在斑鳢（鱼类，鲈形目）中评估了常用农业杀虫剂克百威、草甘膦和莠去津的遗传毒性效应。采用半静态生物测定法，通过概率分析估计克百威、草甘膦和莠去津的96小时半数致死浓度（LC50）值分别为0.27、32.0和42.0毫克/升。基于这些值，分别选择了克百威（0.07、0.13、0.20毫克/升）、草甘膦（8.1、16.3、24.4毫克/升）和莠去津（10.6、21.2、31.8毫克/升）的三个亚致死试验浓度，分别对应于农药LC50的四分之一、二分之一和四分之三，进行96小时的暴露试验。每隔24小时采集外周血样本，以评估微核和核损伤频率。与草甘膦和莠去津相比，克百威诱导的遗传毒性损伤明显更高。所有处理组的浓度都有显著影响（p < 0.01）。在所有试验浓度下，农药暴露96小时时微核和核损伤的诱导率最高。本研究中记录的核异常，如泡状核、叶状核、缺口核和双核，除微核外，都是遗传毒性损伤的指标。
