Ahn Hyeon Min, Kim Shin Ah, Hwang In Jae, Jeong Ji Woon, Kim Hyun Taek, Hamann Stephan, Kim Sang Hee
Department of Brain Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
J Neuropsychol. 2015 Mar;9(1):64-76. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12035. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
One's ability to properly regulate emotion is critical to psychological and physical well-being. Among various strategies to regulate emotion, cognitive reappraisal has been shown to modulate both emotional experience and emotional memory. However, most studies of reappraisal have focused on reappraisal of negative situations, with reappraisal of positive emotion receiving considerably less attention. In addition, the effects of reappraisal on emotional reactions to stimuli are typically only assessed either immediately or after a short delay, and it remains unclear whether reappraisal effects persist over longer time periods. We investigated the effect of cognitive reappraisal on emotional reactions and long-term episodic memory for positive and negative stimuli. Men and women viewed emotionally negative, positive, and neutral pictures while they were instructed to either increase, decrease, or maintain the initial emotional reactions elicited by the pictures. Subjective ratings of emotional valence and arousal were assessed during the regulation task and again after 1 week. Memory for the pictures was assessed with free recall. Results indicated that pictures accompanied by instructions to increase emotion were better recalled than pictures reappraised to decrease emotion. Modulation of emotional arousal elicited by stimuli persisted over a week, but this effect was observed only for men. These findings suggest that cognitive reappraisal can have long-lasting effects on emotional reactions to stimuli. However, the sex differences observed for the effects of reappraisal on emotional reactions highlight the importance of considering individual differences in the effects of regulation.
一个人恰当地调节情绪的能力对心理和身体健康至关重要。在各种调节情绪的策略中，认知重评已被证明可以调节情绪体验和情绪记忆。然而，大多数关于重评的研究都集中在对消极情境的重评上，对积极情绪的重评受到的关注要少得多。此外，重评对刺激引发的情绪反应的影响通常只在即时或短暂延迟后进行评估，重评效果在更长时间段内是否持续尚不清楚。我们研究了认知重评对积极和消极刺激的情绪反应及长期情景记忆的影响。男性和女性观看情绪消极、积极和中性的图片，同时被指示增加、减少或维持图片引发的初始情绪反应。在调节任务期间以及1周后再次评估情绪效价和唤醒的主观评分。通过自由回忆评估对图片的记忆。结果表明，伴有增加情绪指示的图片比经重评以减少情绪的图片回忆得更好。刺激引发的情绪唤醒调节持续了一周，但这种效应仅在男性中观察到。这些发现表明，认知重评可以对刺激引发的情绪反应产生持久影响。然而，重评对情绪反应影响中观察到的性别差异凸显了考虑调节效果个体差异的重要性。
