Psychology Department, University of San Francisco.
Emotion. 2013 Dec;13(6):1041-54. doi: 10.1037/a0033533. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
Although previous work has shown that emotion regulation strategies can influence memory, the mechanisms through which different strategies produce different memory outcomes are not well understood. We examined how two cognitive reappraisal strategies with similar elaboration demands but diverging effects on visual attention and emotional arousal influenced explicit memory for emotional stimuli and for the strategies used to evaluate the stimuli. At encoding, participants used reappraisal to increase and decrease the personal relevance of neutral and emotional pictures. In two experiments, recall accuracy was highest for emotional pictures featured on increase trials, intermediate for emotional pictures featured on look (respond naturally) trials, and lowest for emotional pictures featured on decrease trials. This recall pattern emerged after a short delay (15 min) and persisted over a longer delay (48 hr). Memory accuracy for the strategies used to evaluate the pictures showed a different pattern: Strategy memory was better for emotional pictures featured on decrease and increase trials than for pictures featured on look trials. Our findings show that the effects of emotion regulation on memory depend both on the particular strategy engaged and the particular aspect of memory being tested.
尽管先前的研究表明情绪调节策略可以影响记忆，但不同策略产生不同记忆结果的机制尚不清楚。我们研究了两种认知重评策略，它们具有相似的详细程度要求，但对视觉注意力和情绪唤醒的影响不同，这两种策略如何影响情绪刺激的外显记忆以及用于评估刺激的策略。在编码时，参与者使用重评来增加和降低中性和情绪图片的个人相关性。在两项实验中，增加试验中出现的情绪图片的回忆准确性最高，其次是自然反应试验中出现的情绪图片，而减少试验中出现的情绪图片的回忆准确性最低。这种回忆模式在短时间延迟（15 分钟）后出现，并在较长时间延迟（48 小时）后持续存在。用于评估图片的策略的记忆准确性表现出不同的模式：对于减少和增加试验中出现的情绪图片，策略记忆优于自然反应试验中出现的图片。我们的发现表明，情绪调节对记忆的影响既取决于所使用的特定策略，也取决于所测试的记忆的特定方面。
