Anesthesia and long-term outcomes after neonatal intensive care.

As survival is now increasing, care of the extremely preterm infant is now directed at strategies to minimize long-term morbidity. In this study, I review the current state-of-the-art outcomes for babies born at extremely low gestations and identify strategies that may be aimed at optimizing outcomes. With respect to anesthetic practice, I then go on to discuss important issues of pain management in these babies and how this may affect long-term outcomes.