Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md.
Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Jan;147(1):18-24.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.09.007.
Simulation may reduce the risks associated with the complex operations of cardiothoracic surgery and help create a more efficient, thorough, and uniform curriculum for cardiothoracic surgery fellowship. Here, we review the current status of simulation in cardiothoracic surgical training and provide an overview of all simulation models applicable to cardiothoracic surgery that have been published to date.
We completed a comprehensive search of all publications pertaining to simulation of cardiothoracic surgical procedures by using PubMed.
Numerous cardiothoracic surgical simulators at various stages of development, assessment, and commercial manufacturing have been published to date. There is currently a predominance of models simulating coronary artery bypass grafting and bronchoscopy and a relative paucity of simulators of open pulmonary and esophageal procedures. Despite the wide range of simulators available, few models have been formally assessed for validity and educational value.
Surgical simulation is becoming an increasingly important educational tool in training cardiothoracic surgeons. Our next steps forward will be to develop an objective, standardized way to assess surgical simulation training compared with the current apprenticeship model.
模拟可能会降低心胸外科复杂手术相关的风险，并有助于为心胸外科住院医师培训创建一个更高效、全面和统一的课程。在这里，我们回顾了目前在心胸外科培训中模拟的现状，并提供了迄今为止所有适用于心胸外科的模拟模型的概述。
我们使用 PubMed 完成了对所有与心胸外科手术模拟相关的出版物的全面检索。
迄今为止，已经发表了许多处于不同开发、评估和商业制造阶段的心胸外科模拟器。目前，模拟冠状动脉旁路移植术和支气管镜检查的模型占主导地位，而开放肺部和食管手术的模拟器相对较少。尽管有各种各样的模拟器，但很少有模型经过正式评估其有效性和教育价值。
手术模拟正在成为培训心胸外科医生的一个越来越重要的教育工具。我们的下一步将是开发一种客观、标准化的方法来评估手术模拟训练，与当前的学徒模式相比。
