青春期恐惧增强性惊跳的发展研究。
Developmental investigation of fear-potentiated startle across puberty.
机构信息
Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
出版信息
Biol Psychol. 2014 Mar;97:15-21. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.12.002. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
The goal of this study was to examine the association between affective development, puberty, and gender using the startle reflex as a marker of defensive mechanisms. Thirty-one male and thirty-five female adolescents aged ten to thirteen participated in a prospective study with up to five assessments. Longitudinal analyses revealed a significant effect of sex, with girls showing stronger fear-potentiation at all pubertal stages. Post hoc tests revealed that fear-potentiation increased in girls but not boys over the course of puberty. Furthermore, baseline startle decreased over the course of puberty. Because age was included as a covariate in all analyses, the puberty effect cannot be accounted for by age. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for a significant increase in fear-potentiated startle across the pubertal transition. Attribution of these changes to pubertal status rather than age has important implications for our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety and affect regulation.
这项研究的目的是使用惊吓反射作为防御机制的标志物，来研究情感发展、青春期和性别之间的关系。31 名 10 至 13 岁的男性青少年和 35 名女性青少年参与了一项前瞻性研究，最多有五次评估。纵向分析显示性别有显著影响，女孩在所有青春期阶段的恐惧增强都更强。事后检验显示，女孩的恐惧增强在青春期期间增加，但男孩没有。此外，基础惊吓在青春期期间下降。由于在所有分析中都将年龄作为协变量包括在内，因此青春期效应不能用年龄来解释。据我们所知，这项研究首次提供了在青春期过渡过程中惊吓增强的明显增加的证据。将这些变化归因于青春期状态而不是年龄，对于我们理解焦虑和情感调节的神经生物学具有重要意义。
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