Emmenegger Eveline J, Moon Chang Hoon, Hershberger Paul K, Kurath Gael
US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th St. Seattle, Washington 98115, USA.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2013 Dec 12;107(2):99-111. doi: 10.3354/dao02671.
The susceptibility of yellow perch Perca flavescens, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, koi Cyprinus carpio koi, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to 4 strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was assessed. Fish were challenged via intraperitoneal injection with high (1 × 106 plaque-forming units, PFU) and low (1 × 103 PFU) doses of a European strain (genotype Ia), and North American strains from the West coast (genotype IVa), Great Lakes (genotype IVb), and the East coast (genotype IVc). Pacific herring were exposed to the same VHSV strains, but at a single dose of 5 × 103 PFU ml-1 by immersion in static seawater. Overall, yellow perch were the most susceptible, with cumulative percent mortality (CPM) ranging from 84 to 100%, and 30 to 93% in fish injected with high or low doses of virus, respectively. Rainbow trout and Chinook salmon experienced higher mortalities (47 to 98% CPM) after exposure to strain Ia than to the other virus genotypes. Pacific herring were most susceptible to strain IVa with an average CPM of 80% and moderately susceptible (42 to 52% CPM) to the other genotypes. Koi had very low susceptibility (≤5.0% CPM) to all 4 VHSV strains. Fish tested at 7 d post challenge were positive for all virus strains, with yellow perch having the highest prevalence and concentrations of virus, and koi the lowest. While genotype Ia had higher virulence in salmonid species, there was little difference in virulence or host-specificity between isolates from subtypes IVa, IVb, and IVc.
评估了黄鲈（Perca flavescens）、虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）、奇努克鲑（O. tshawytscha）、锦鲤（Cyprinus carpio koi）和太平洋鲱（Clupea pallasii）对4种病毒性出血性败血症病毒（VHSV）毒株的易感性。通过腹腔注射高剂量（1×10⁶ 噬斑形成单位，PFU）和低剂量（1×10³ PFU）的欧洲毒株（基因型Ia）以及来自西海岸（基因型IVa）、五大湖（基因型IVb）和东海岸（基因型IVc）的北美毒株对鱼进行攻毒。太平洋鲱通过浸入静态海水中，以5×10³ PFU ml⁻¹ 的单一剂量接触相同的VHSV毒株。总体而言，黄鲈最易感，高剂量或低剂量注射病毒的鱼的累计死亡率（CPM）分别为84%至100%和30%至93%。虹鳟和奇努克鲑在接触Ia毒株后的死亡率高于其他病毒基因型（CPM为47%至98%）。太平洋鲱对IVa毒株最易感，平均CPM为80%，对其他基因型中度易感（CPM为42%至52%）。锦鲤对所有4种VHSV毒株的易感性非常低（≤5.0% CPM）。攻毒后7天检测的鱼对所有病毒毒株均呈阳性，黄鲈的病毒流行率和浓度最高，锦鲤最低。虽然Ia基因型在鲑科鱼类中的毒力较高，但IVa、IVb和IVc亚型分离株之间的毒力或宿主特异性差异不大。
