Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation.
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2013;89(10):462-73. doi: 10.2183/pjab.89.462.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, are chronic, non-infectious diseases of long duration. NCDs are increasingly widespread worldwide and are becoming a serious health and economic burden. NCDs arise from complex interactions between the genetic make-up of an individual and environmental factors. Several epidemiological studies have revealed that the perinatal environment influences health later in life, and have proposed the concept of developmental programming or developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). These studies suggest the importance of life course health care from fetal life, early childhood, adulthood, and through to old age. Recent progress in genomics, proteomics and diagnostic modalities holds promise for identifying high risk groups, predicting latent diseases, and allowing early intervention. Preemptive medicine is the ultimate goal of medicine, but to achieve it, the full participation of the public and all sectors of society is imperative.
非传染性疾病（NCDs），如糖尿病和冠心病，是一种长期的慢性非传染性疾病。NCDs 在全球范围内日益普遍，正在成为一个严重的健康和经济负担。NCDs 是个体遗传构成与环境因素之间复杂相互作用的结果。一些流行病学研究表明，围产期环境会影响生命后期的健康，并提出了发育编程或健康与疾病的发育起源（DOHaD）的概念。这些研究表明，从胎儿期、婴幼儿期、成年期到老年期，进行生命全程的医疗保健非常重要。基因组学、蛋白质组学和诊断方法的最新进展有望识别高危人群、预测潜在疾病，并允许早期干预。先发制人的医学是医学的最终目标，但要实现这一目标，就必须让公众和社会各界全面参与。
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