Takahashi Hidehiko
Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.
Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2013;115(10):1027-41.
The topics of emotion, decision-making, and consciousness have been traditionally dealt with in the humanities and social sciences. With the dissemination of noninvasive human neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI and the advancement of cognitive science, neuroimaging studies focusing on emotions, social cognition, and decision-making have become established. I overviewed the history of social neurosciences. The emerging field of social brain research or social neuroscience will greatly contribute to clinical psychiatry. In the first part. I introduced our early fMRI studies on social emotions such as guilt, embarrassment, pride, and envy. Dysfunction of social emotions can be observed in various forms of psychiatric disorder, and the findings should contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions. In the second part, I introduced our recent interdisciplinary neuroscience approach combining molecular neuroimaging techniques(positron emission tomography: PET), cognitive sciences, and economics to understand the neural as well as molecular basis of altered decision-making in neuropsychiatric disorders. An interdisciplinary approach combing molecular imaging techniques and cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychiatry will provide new perspectives for understanding the neurobiology of impaired decision-making in neuropsychiatric disorders and drug development.
情感、决策和意识等主题传统上是在人文科学和社会科学中探讨的。随着功能磁共振成像（fMRI）等非侵入性人类神经成像技术的传播以及认知科学的发展，专注于情感、社会认知和决策的神经成像研究已逐渐确立。我概述了社会神经科学的历史。新兴的社会脑研究领域或社会神经科学将对临床精神病学做出巨大贡献。在第一部分，我介绍了我们早期使用功能磁共振成像对诸如内疚、尴尬、自豪和嫉妒等社会情感的研究。社会情感功能障碍可在各种形式的精神疾病中观察到，这些发现应有助于更好地理解精神疾病的病理生理学。在第二部分，我介绍了我们最近采用的跨学科神经科学方法，该方法结合了分子神经成像技术（正电子发射断层扫描：PET）、认知科学和经济学，以了解神经精神疾病中决策改变的神经及分子基础。将分子成像技术与认知神经科学和临床精神病学相结合的跨学科方法，将为理解神经精神疾病中决策受损的神经生物学机制以及药物开发提供新的视角。
